The use of fruit tree dormancy prevention and treatment of fruit diseases and pests, not only save labor, provincial medicine, technology is simple and easy, and the control effect is better. Doing a good job in preventing and controlling diseases and pests in dormant stages of fruit trees will reduce the number of diseases and insects in the overwintering base, reduce the pressure for prevention and treatment in the second year, and ensure the fruit production and quality have an important role. The pest control technology of dormant fruit trees is described below for reference by farmers.
1. Turn over the soil and make use of the natural conditions of low temperatures and droughts in winter. By turning over the ground, pests that overwinter in the soil, such as peach borer, red spider, cotton bollworm, etc., can be turned to the surface of the soil and frozen to death, and can also be taken by beneficial animals. Food eliminates. The depth of the garden should be 20-30 cm. The closer the time is to the soil, the better the freezing effect can be. It can also be carried out in the early spring, but the control effect is worse than that of the early winter garden. In combination with turning gardens, spraying insecticide powder on the soil surface can improve the effect of controlling pests in early spring. Turning over the garden can not only eliminate overwintering pests, but also improve the physicochemical properties of the soil and improve the ability of the orchard soil to retain water and nutrients in winter.
2. Some pathogens and pests in the gardens of fruit trees, such as pear black spot pathogens, pear nettles, etc., live in defoliation, weeds, fruit drop, and dead branches. In the winter, the debris in the orchard can be cleaned up, combined with deep gardens or burned to eliminate the bacteria and pests that have passed winter.
3. Pruning combined with pruning in winter, the diseased branches, worm branches and dead branches on fruit trees will be cut off and then burned together to eliminate pathogens and pests that overwinter over the branches, such as pear black spot pathogens and big green Leafhopper, known egg, top leaf roller moth and so on.
4. Scratching According to investigations, there are many germs and wintering pests in the rough skin cracks of fruit trees, such as red spider, pear borer, cotton aphid, and other pests such as rot, dry rot, and ring rot. After scraping the bark, it is collected and burned or buried deeply to destroy germs and pests. Scrape the bark throughout the dormant season, but from the point of view of protecting natural enemies, it is advisable to scrape the bark when the enemy has been larvae in early spring and the pest has not yet been active. Because many of the natural enemies of pests also overwinter in rough cracks in fruit trees, such as spider mite's natural enemies, florets and ladybugs, and the natural enemies start to move earlier than the pests after winter. The site of scraping the bark includes rough skins on the main stem and main branch, mainly on the main branch. From the survey, the number of overwintering pests on the main branch far exceeds the number of overwintering on the main trunk. For example, the wintering number of leaf roller moths and pear caterpillars on the trunk is only 7.5% on the three main branches. The degree of scraping bark should grasp the principle that small trees and weak trees should be light, big trees and busy trees should be heavy. Light should be scraped to dry dead skin, and severe should be scraped to the cortex yellowish green suitable. Scrapping bark can not only eliminate the winter diseases and pests in the rough skin cracks, but also rejuvenate the tree. It should be noted that in the high-cold areas, scraping the bark as soon as possible, the tree is vulnerable to freezing, but also not conducive to overwintering natural enemy insects, bark should be scraped in the late spring as well.
5. The spraying of some germs and pests, except for wintering in dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds and soil, can also be overwintering in other parts of the tree, such as warpage, round marks, diseased buds, etc. Before the general spray of 3-5 Baume degrees of lime sulfur plus 200 times of sodium pentachlorophenol, or the replacement product of lime sulfur, solibar, to prevent overwintering pathogens and pests eggs good effect. For orchards with serious ring rotten disease and rot disease, some special control drugs with good control effect can be used to prevent and control spraying with 100-200 times more damage or assisting (pesticide penetration aids).
6. Coated white can reduce sunburn and freezing injury, delay budding and flowering of fruit trees, protect fruit trees from the harm of spring frost, and treat trunk diseases and pests by killing overwintering eggs hidden in the bark. The proportion of commonly used whitening agents is: 10 parts of lime, 2 parts of lime sulfur stock solution, 1-2 parts of edible salt, 2 parts of clay and 36-40 parts of water. In addition, some pesticides can be added. It is advisable to apply the whitening twice. The first time after the fall to the soil before the frozen; the second time in the early spring. The white painted parts are mainly trunks. The saplings of pears, the trees with incomplete tree crowns, the trunks of the diseased trees, etc., and the branches of the trunks should be painted with emphasis. The bases of the main branches can also be painted white, but the whole tree should not be painted white. So as not to cause sprouting.
7. Pick eggs in the dormant season and remove the codling moths, moths, and eggs of the top leaf roller moths.
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