In recent years, there have been common occurrences of peanuts in the field: After harvesting, peanuts are not growing and there are no new leaves. Even if new leaves are emerging, they are yellow, the leaves are small, and the old leaves are slowly drying out. The plants are thin, short, and have poor fertility. They slowly die. Pull out the diseased plant, some roots are dark; some roots are normal, but no new roots occur. Analysis of these phenomena is mainly caused by the following reasons:
Soil carrier
Most of the peanuts are planted on sandy land where no corn can be grown, and most of them are planted with heavy earthworms. The heavy earthworms carry a large amount of bacteria, and the amount of local soil carriers is even greater. As a result, after emergence, peanuts grow weakly, the plants are short, and the dead seedlings are more serious.
Control measures: Disinfect the soil. After sowing, peanuts were sprayed with 20 ml of 30 kg of water before seedlings and mixed with herbicides. Seed carrier
Farmers grow peanuts mostly for self-cultivation, and seed quality is poor. They have not been sterilized prior to sowing, and germs have invaded after emergence, resulting in weaker local flower growth, and no occurrence of dead trees.
Control measures: 1. Abandoned self-retained species and introduced high-yield and high-quality varieties. 2. Sowing before sowing. Regardless of whether the seeds were kept or purchased, they should be shelled in sunny weather for 3-5 days before shelling to kill most of the pathogens attached to the surface of the peanut shell and reduce the incidence of dead seedlings in the field. Root rot stalk rot
Stalk rot is also known as "turnip disease." Occurred in the early and middle period of peanut growth. The buds could be rotted before they emerged. The cotyledons of the peanuts were dark brown and dry, and finally rotted into black rot. The 4-5 days could cause the whole plant to die.
Root rot can occur in every growth period of peanuts. Causes rotten seed and rotten buds; damage caused by seedling stage leads to root rot and seedling blight; damage caused by adult plants causes root rot, stem rot and rot. The upper part of the diseased plant showed short stature, yellow leaves, poor growth, and the base of the stem was immersed in water, yellow-brown, and the plants were relatively short. The leaves dried up from the bottom upwards, and they were easy to die at the seedling stage. Some or all of the epidermis of the main root of the diseased plant become brown and rot, the vascular bundles turn brown, the main roots shrink and dry rot, the surface of the affected part has a yellow-white to reddish mildew layer, and there are few or no lateral roots.
Prevention and control measures: Generally, the per mu sowing volume of field plots is 15-17.5 kilograms, and 15 ml can be used for seed dressing. However, the severe disease field needs to increase the dose, and the seeding amount per mu is 15-17.5 kg, with 20-25 ml. Seed dressing. The field strains were found to have been sprayed with 40% triadimefon or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, sprayed thoroughly and blocked the central strain. Spray once every 7 days, spray 3 times. Alternate administration of the two drugs is better. Herbicide Hazards
Herbicide Hazard in Wheat Fields: Former herb crops Wheat field herbicides use late, the concentration is too large, the residue is more, causing phytotoxicity to the pod peanuts, resulting in the peanuts can not grow normally, the seedlings do not grow trees, causing dead seedlings.
Prevention and control measures: wheat and peanut continuous cropping, wheat field herbicide selection should be cautious, try to avoid the use of tribenuron and other long-lived pharmaceuticals, disable the long residual effect of metsulfuron-methyl and chlorsulfuron, methyl metsulfuron residual period up to 2 In years, the residual period of chlorsulfuron can be up to 4 years. At the same time, it is not possible to blindly increase the amount of drugs used, but to reduce the amount of water, artificially causing soil residues and phytotoxicity. If these herbicides are used, ensure sufficient intervals. For example, tribenuron-methyl should be sprayed before March 10, and peanuts should be planted more than 60 days apart. 2. Poisonous local foliar spraying of Tianfengsu, Green Wind 95, Yunda 120, Peanut Super Health, etc., adding 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1%-2% urea aqueous solution, can also reduce The effect of phytotoxicity.
Corn herbicide hazards: Spraying herbicides in corn fields is very harmful to adjacent downwinds in peanut fields. When farmers spray herbicides in corn fields, herbicides tend to drift with the wind, causing damage to adjacent downwinds in peanut fields. , Causes the main stem of the peanut to bend, and the drifting liquid forms water-stained chlorotic spots on the leaves of the peanut. The new leaves are not easy to spread, and the old leaves produce phytotoxic spots that gradually dry out.
Control measures: 1. Be careful when choosing herbicides in corn fields. For example, there are peanut fields within a range of 50 meters. Do not blindly use 2,4-D butyl esters, especially in the case of windy conditions. The pressure should be lowered as much as possible to prevent the liquids from floating on the peanuts of the downwind, causing the peanut leaves to be agitated, curled, and withered. 2. The sprayed corn herbicides must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent sprayer residues from affecting the peanut field. 3. If poisoning occurs, spray some detoxification agents or spray regulators and liquid fertilizers to relieve symptoms. Timely tillage loose soil. Combined with watering for fertilization, cultivating loose soil, enhance soil permeability and promote root development. Mechanical roller or stain
Due to the crops harvested before harvesting, the machinery was repeatedly rolled in the ground or in a peanut field where it was stained. Due to the poor permeability of the soil, the roots were poorly breathed and the absorption of nutrients was impeded, resulting in weak growth on the ground and no trees for a long time.
Prevention and control measures: In the places where rolling is applied, especially in the land, squat sloping soil, supplement organic fertilizer, maintain soil permeability, and promote normal root growth.
For the waterlogged peanut field, it should be drained in time, and deep-rooted loose soil should be scattered, and the foliar fertilizer should be sprayed to increase nutrition. Acidosis
Acidosis is caused by continuous cropping of peanuts. Control measures: 1. Increase organic fertilizer or soil testing and formula fertilization. Balance soil nutrients and pH. 2. Swearing. Peanuts rotate with other autumn crops to maintain the pH balance of the soil.
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