Whether the condition of the tractor is good or not is a direct factor for the normal operation of agricultural machinery. The qualified hydraulic oil is the guarantee for the reliable operation of the hydraulic system of the tractor. Proper maintenance is the basis for the reliable operation of the hydraulic system. For this reason, according to the work practice, the author analyzes the problems that should be paid attention to in the daily use of the tractor hydraulic system in the general agricultural machinery operating environment as follows.
1. Prevent air and water from invading the hydraulic system (1) Prevent air from invading the hydraulic system. Under normal atmospheric pressure, the hydraulic oil contains 6% to 8% of the volume of air. When the pressure is reduced, the air will be released from the oil. The air bubbles will rupture and cause the hydraulic element to “cavitation†and generate noise. The large amount of air entering the oil will increase the phenomenon of “cavitationâ€, increase the compressibility of the hydraulic oil, make the work unstable, reduce the work efficiency, and cause adverse effects such as “crawling†on the actuator. In addition, the air will also oxidize the hydraulic oil and accelerate the deterioration of the oil. Prevention of air intrusion should pay attention to the following points: 1 After maintenance and change of oil, the air in the system must be removed according to regulations in order to operate normally. 2 The suction nozzle of the hydraulic pump must not expose the oil surface, and the suction pipeline must be sealed well. 3 The seal of the oil pump drive shaft should be good. Attention should be paid when replacing the oil seal. The “double lip†oil seal should be used instead of the “single lip†oil seal, because the “single lip†oil seal can only seal oil in one direction. Sealing function. After a certain operator once had a Dongfeng brand 1004 wheel drag overhaul, the hydraulic oil pump suffered continuous “cavitation†noise and the oil tank oil level rose automatically. After consulting the hydraulic oil pump repair process, it was discovered that the hydraulic oil pump drive shaft oil seal was incorrect. With a "single lip" oil seal.
(2) Prevent water from invading the hydraulic system. Excessive water content in the oil will rust the hydraulic components, emulsify the oil, reduce the strength of the lubricant film, and accelerate mechanical wear.
2. Choosing the right hydraulic oil Hydraulic oil plays the role of transmitting pressure, lubrication, cooling, and sealing in the hydraulic system. The improper selection of hydraulic oil is the main reason for the early failure and durability degradation of the hydraulic system. The hydraulic oil should be selected according to the grade specified in the random “operating instructionsâ€. When special oils need to be used, the performance should be the same as the original grade. Different brands of hydraulic oil can not be mixed to prevent the hydraulic oil from producing chemical reactions and changes in performance. Dark brown, milky, smelly hydraulic oil is a deteriorating oil and cannot be used.
3. Preventing solid impurities from mixing into the hydraulic system Cleaning the hydraulic oil is the life of the hydraulic system. There are many precision parts in the hydraulic system, some have small holes, some have gaps, and so on. If the solid impurities intruded will cause the precision joints to be damaged, hairpins, oil channel blockage, etc., endanger the safe operation of the hydraulic system. Common solid impurities invade the hydraulic system through: impervious hydraulic oil; unclean cleaning tools; refueling and careless maintenance; hydraulic components descaling. The following aspects can prevent solid impurities from invading the system.
(1) Refueling. Hydraulic oil must be filtered and filled. Refueling tools should be cleaned reliably. It is not possible to remove the filter at the tank filler port in order to increase the refueling speed. Refuelling personnel should use clean gloves and work clothes to prevent solid impurities and fiber impurities from falling into the oil.
(2) Maintenance. Remove the cover of the hydraulic oil tank, the cover of the filter, the detection hole, the hydraulic oil pipe, etc., and avoid the dust when the system oil channel is exposed. The dismantling site must be thoroughly cleaned before opening. When disassembling the hydraulic fuel tank cap, remove the dirt around the fuel tank cap. After unscrewing the fuel tank cap, remove any debris that remains in the joint (do not flush it with water to prevent water from seeping into the tank). Make sure that the fuel cap can only be opened after cleaning. If you need to use the wiping material and the hammer, you should select the wiping material that can not get rid of the fiber impurities and the special hammer that attaches the rubber to the striking surface. Hydraulic components, hydraulic hoses should be carefully cleaned, and then assembled with high pressure air. Use a genuine, well-packed filter cartridge (the internal packaging is damaged, and although the filter cartridge is in good condition, it may not be clean). Clean the filter at the same time when changing the oil. Before installing the filter element, clean the inside of the filter case with dirt by using a wiping material.
(3) Cleaning of the hydraulic system. The cleaning oil must use the same hydraulic oil as that used in the system. The oil temperature should be 45-80°C. Use large flow rates to remove impurities from the system as much as possible. The hydraulic system must be cleaned more than three times. After each cleaning, all the oil is released from the system when the oil is hot. After cleaning, clean the filter and replace it with a new one.
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