Hongfengcai is a special vegetable, also known as red backed vegetables, purple back vegetables, bloody vegetables, etc. It is a semi-cultivated health-care wild vegetable with tender stems and leaves as edible parts. It has high nutritional value and is favored by people. The following is a brief introduction to the cutting propagation method of special vegetables red phoenix. The breeding methods of red phoenix vegetables include seed breeding and cutting propagation.
1 Selection of nursery
The nursery should be built in a place with convenient transportation, flat land, open, no water, water and power. The surrounding environment should be clean, no pollution sources such as garbage dumps and sewage outlets, and the location should be kept away from factories and villages, and a certain space distance should be maintained between the common vegetable fields. It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T18407.1 Environmental Requirements for Agricultural Products Quality and Safety and Pollution-free Vegetable Origin.
2 Disinfection of nursery facilities
All facilities and equipment should be fully disinfected before cutting seedlings, including seedlings, seedbeds, substrates, plugs, tools and the surrounding environment.
2.1 nursery shed
In the nursery shed, fumigation and spraying can be used for insecticidal sterilization. Specific practice: It can be sealed with a gas mixture of 40% formaldehyde 10 mL + potassium permanganate 5g per 1m2 for 1~2d, or 5~10g sulfur for 1~2d per 1m2; also can be broad-spectrum A mixed solution of the fungicide and the pesticide (such as carbendazim and phoxim) is sprayed thoroughly.
The nursery bed and the ground in the nursery site should be kept clean and free of pollution, no weeds, and can be disinfected with lime. Weeds should be removed in time outside the nursery shed to dredge the ditch and meet the requirements for water to be discharged.
2.2 Seedling trays and tools
The trays, scissors and blades used for nursery should be cleaned and soaked in potassium permanganate 2000 times for 10 minutes, or soaked in 1%~2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes. After disinfection, the utensils must be washed and dried with clean tap water, so that the attached water is completely evaporated and ready for use.
2.3 matrix
The seedling substrate is prepared from grass charcoal, coco peat, vermiculite, perlite and certain organic fertilizer. Generally, the manufacturer will disinfect the substrate before leaving the factory, but to prevent the matrix from bacteria for safety, the substrate should be completely disinfected. Specific operation: 40~100 times diluted with 40% formaldehyde (formalin), sprayed evenly on the seedling substrate, covered with plastic film for 7~10d, can be used after the disappearance of the drug taste; or 50% per 1m3 substrate Carbendazim wettable powder 100~200g, fully mixed and stacked, the plastic film on the substrate is ~1~2d, and can be used after tumbling. These two methods can effectively kill the pathogens carried in the matrix and prevent the occurrence of the disease in the seedling stage of red cabbage.
3 matrix ratio
The cutting seedlings of Hongfengcai should be prepared with a loose, finely divided, porous, organic-rich matrix with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. In order to cultivate seedlings with good growth and robust plants, it is recommended that the matrix ratio of cutting seedlings be: peat.. perlite.. vermiculite=3..1..1, and add 10%~15% fully decomposed organic fertilizer. The pH of the substrate is adjusted to a suitable range with humic acid, lime, and calcium carbonate powder.
4 Insert preparation
At present, the expansion of Hongfengcai mainly uses asexual reproduction, ie cutting propagation, without seed production. Young shoots of about 10 cm were cut from the robust virus-free mother plants for preparation of cuttings. The upper blade of the cutting insert is properly trimmed to remove 1~2 pieces of the base. It is required that each cutting piece needs 2 side bud points or 2 leaves. The upper end of the cutting strip is cut flat to remove the top bud and promote the side bud; the lower end is obliquely cut into a 45° slope, and the 1/2 blade is cut perpendicularly to the main vein of the blade to reduce water transpiration and to survive.
5 cutting seedlings
5.1 matrix filling
After mixing the sterilized substrate with water, fill it into a 72-well tray or a 6cm×6cm nutrient bowl, and use a pressure point tool to press a hole of about 3cm deep at each seedling hole.
5.2 cuttings
The prepared cuttings were placed in a beaker containing a concentration of 700 mg/L of NAA or 200 mg/L of IAA for 30 s [7] to accelerate the propagation of the cuttings and cultivate the seedlings. After insertion into the cutting hole, the insertion depth is preferably 3 cm. Under the condition of 20~25 °C, the seedlings are bred for about 20 days, and the soil is transplanted.
6 seedling management
6.1 Water and fertilizer management
Hongfengcai prefers a humid environment, and the relative humidity in the shed should be controlled at about 85%. If the relative humidity exceeds 95%, it is easy to cause disease. In daily management, the frequency, time and amount of watering should be determined in combination with local climatic conditions and fertilization. In the spring and summer of South China, high temperature and high humidity, plant transpiration is large, should be watered every morning and evening. Specific practice: watering once before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 3 o'clock in the afternoon, each time watering needs to be poured; in autumn and winter, the temperature is low and dry, and the film should be covered with heat and moisture. After cutting, the thin fertilizer is applied according to the weather and seedling growth conditions, and the nitrogen-containing foliar fertilizer is mainly applied, with little or no application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
6.2 Environmental Control
6.2.1 Lighting. Hongfengcai is a hi-light plant, but because the root system of the cutting seedlings is not formed, when the light is too strong, it is not conducive to the survival of the plants, and the shading net should be covered in time.
6.2.2 Temperature. Red phoenix is ​​more resistant to high temperature, and the growth temperature is 20~30°C. When it is higher than 35°C or lower than 10°C, the plant grows slowly. When it is lower than 3°C, the ground part will be frozen. The temperature in the daily management of cutting seedlings should be controlled at 20~25 °C to ensure seedling survival rate.
6.2.3 Air. The nursery shed should maintain air circulation to increase the CO2 concentration in the shed and improve the photosynthesis of the cutting seedlings, which is conducive to the survival of the cutting seedlings.
6.3 Pest Control
The common pests and diseases of Hongfengcai include viral diseases, wilt disease, leaf spot, root rot, gray mold, anthracnose, soft rot, aphids, spotted flies and Spodoptera litura. The main plant protection policy of the main prevention and control system is to give priority to agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and rational use of chemical control. The use of pesticides shall comply with the requirements of GB 4285 Standards for the Safe Use of Pesticides and GB/T 8321 Guidelines for the Rational Use of Pesticides.
6.3.1 Agricultural control. First, the cuttings should be prepared from the strong branches without pests and diseases; secondly, the fertilization should be scientifically and rationally applied, the ventilation and humidity control should be maintained, the nursery facilities should be kept clean, and the sterilization and disinfection work should be done before production; in addition, the environment of the nursery should be controlled. To achieve no weeds and good irrigation and drainage; in the end, we must strictly follow the production rules and regulations to manage, not to create conditions for the breeding of pests and diseases.
6.3.2 Physical and biological control. The surrounding area of ​​the seedling shed and the skylight are separated from the outside by a 40 or 60 mesh insect net. For pest control, three trapping techniques, namely color trapping, lamp trapping and sexual attraction, can be used for killing, such as using yellow plates to control aphids and spotted flies, using black light and Sex pheromones trap the adult larvae of Spodoptera litura, and timely remove the egg mass in the field, and cooperate with the use of rotenone, matrine, pyrethrin, nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other biological pesticide spray control.
6.3.3 Chemical control. In accordance with the requirements of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Pesticide, it is strictly forbidden to use pesticides prohibited by the state and use pollution-free pesticides for routine prevention and control. For the control of Spodoptera litura, 10% chlorfenapyr suspension can be used in 1000~1500 times solution or 5% chlorantraniliprole suspension agent 1000~1500 times solution or 2.2% emamectin benzoate 2000~3000 times Liquid spray prevention and control, after the 4th age, there is a phenomenon of nocturnal night, which can be killed by mixing the peanut bran with the scent and then making the poison bait.
Control the aphids by spraying 5% imidacloprid wettable powder for 2~3 times; the control of Liriomyza sativae can be sprayed with 50% gram (killing amine) 5000 times solution. The disease prevention and control can be effectively controlled by new high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides such as amino oligosaccharide, dextran, metformin, jinleidumir, enoylmorpholine and thiophanate-methyl.
The above is all about the special vegetable red phoenix. I don't know if everyone has ever tasted it. Farmers who want to know about Hongfeng cuisine can pay more attention to Hui Nong.
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