After the busy vegetable market was listed in the Spring Festival, farmers engaged in facility agriculture had to fertilize in the spring. Fertilization in spring is not only the highlight of the annual fertilizer co-ordination of facility agriculture, but also an important gateway for putting good soil health into facilities. In this issue, we focus on the various problems encountered by farmers in the investment and management of facilities and fruits and vegetables in recent years. They are summarized and organized for reference only.
Find out the bottom of the family: understand the soil and fertilizer status of spring facilities and the need to use organic fertilizers in the old production areas, it is best to use high quality organic fertilizer. In the old facility producing area that does not use commercial organic fertilizer, the farmer's fertilizer type organic fertilizer can be applied in the spring, but it must be fully decomposed in the previous year before it can be applied to prevent burning. Recommendations for the application of chemical fertilizers: Take the method of soil testing, and diligently test, apply different fertilizers according to different crops. Due to the application of chemical fertilizers in the old facility, it may cause acidification or alkalization of the soil. The weak acidity of the soil is the favorite environment of the plant roots. Therefore, the use of fertilizers should be based on the pH of the soil. Soils use alkaline fertilizers, and alkaline soils use acidic fertilizers.
Most of the newly-built facilities are “grain-changed vegetablesâ€. The soil organic matter content is insufficient, and the amount of elemental NPK is low. However, when the vegetable farmers get high yield as soon as possible, there will be excessive mineral elements and secondary soil salinization. Soil barriers. Therefore, for the new facility production area, soil fertility should be the main factor. The basis of soil fertility in vegetable fields is soil organic matter content. For new facilities, increasing soil organic matter content has become the focus of soil fertility work, mainly by applying high-quality organic fertilizer, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, straw returning, etc. Measures.
Fertilizer selection: comprehensive consideration of crop and soil health, planting benefits For crops, the bottom fertilizer of soil-cultivated vegetables is similar.
Solanaceous vegetables: generally organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer + calcium, magnesium, iron, strontium, zinc and other micro-element fertilizers, the variety of vegetables on topdressing vary greatly, but generally also potassium, phosphate, micro-element fertilizer, It is mainly adjusted according to the plant, fruit growth, soil conditions, and the like.
Leafy vegetables: A large number of elemental fertilizers are mainly nitrogenous fertilizers, and micro-fertilizers are mainly calcium and magnesium. If the soil is more acidic, nitrate-nitrogen fertilizers can be selected. If the soil is alkaline, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. At present, the soil damage of the facility is more serious. In order to gradually restore the soil health, it is indeed reasonable to reduce the application of fertilizer and choose to apply more organic fertilizer.
In addition, vegetables with higher added value can be selected with better quality organic fertilizer and with appropriate fertilizer. Ordinary vegetables can be applied to fully decomposed farmyard manure with appropriate quantitative fertilizer.
Technical coordination: Before the planting of water, fertilizer, light, ventilation and temperature, the organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and trace element fertilizer are evenly spread on the soil surface, and 30 cm in rotary tillage, generally 2 to 3 times of rotary tillage, such soil can be planted. But to get higher yields and better quality, fertilizer alone is not enough. In facility agricultural production, the factor that restricts production and quality is the environment: in the early spring, the light in North China is sufficient, and the daytime temperature in the greenhouse can reach 30 °C. This requires an open air outlet to reduce the temperature inside the greenhouse, but when is it open, How big is the pure technical problem.
The solution is to open the gap of about 2 cm in the top air outlet two hours after sunrise, and the opening time is about 10 minutes. This process has the functions of draining moisture and putting carbon dioxide. When the temperature in the greenhouse rises to 30 °C, the tuyere can be opened by about 3 cm to gradually cool down. In the temperature room, a windshield should be placed under the air vent to prevent the cold air from blowing directly to the crop. Controlling the environment in the greenhouse will lay the foundation for future high yields.
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