As the saying goes: "The year is in the spring." Spring is the season when the buds of the grapes sprout, the elongation of the branches and the heading and flowering results. Strengthening the management of spring grapes is of great significance to improving the yield and quality of grapes in the current year. The following should focus on the following tasks:
1. Organize the grape rack and change it. Before the grape injury period from late February to early March, the fixed grape racks should be arranged and the old vineyards and inferior varieties should be re-connected.
2. Qingyuan disinfection. One must lick the skin. On perennial vines, every year there is a layer of dead skin that should be lifted in early spring. Because this layer of wing skin not only affects the normal metabolism of the plant, but also hinders the breathing of the new skin, and it is a place to hide the pests and diseases. The squat of the underarm should be concentrated or burned. Second, we must check for root cancer. Remove the diseased plant from the orchard and burn it off. The diseased light scraping disease is burned or buried deep in the orchard, and then smeared with 20 times of lycopene or 5 waves of sulphur sulphur mixture, even coated 2~3 Times, 7 days apart. At the end of March, spray 5 waves of Meteorite sulphur mixture for disinfection in the whole garden to eradicate the source of wintering.
3. Grasp the unearthed. When the soil temperature of the grape root layer is stable at around 6 °C ~ 8 °C, the root system begins to move and the sap flows gradually, the grape plant can be unearthed. It can also be unearthed when the local apricot flower is open. Unearthed too early, the root system has not been active, the shoots are easily drained, and the phenological period of the late-earth grape is postponed or yellow buds appear after germination. Precautions when unearthing: 1 unearthed in batches, first remove the cold-proof soil on the south or east side of the grape buried soil to reduce the humidity of the soil around the grape branches, and then remove the other half of the cold-proof soil after 2 to 3 days; 2 try to avoid damage Inflated buds, especially those that have already sprouted; 3 try to avoid damage to the branches and cause injury.
4. Apply base fertilizer. In the autumn of last year, the raw materials with insufficient base fertilizer or insufficient base fertilizer were not applied in time, and they could be replenished after the soil was thawed. The base fertilizer is mainly based on farmyard manure, and is appropriately combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Generally, 5 cubic meters of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 100 kilograms of superphosphate, and 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate are applied. The fertilization ditch is 50 cm away from the base of the main stem, and the depth and width of the ditch are 40 cm each. When the base fertilizer enters the ditch, it mixes with the soil, and then the soil is poured with sufficient water.
5. In addition to sprouting tips. After winter pruning, the winter buds on the mother branches usually have 70 to 80% germination, and attention should be paid to staying buds. Usually, when a plurality of buds are germinated on one of the mother branches, one bud is left every 15 to 20 cm, and 2 to 5 new shoots are left for each mother branch, and the rest are erased from the base. When buds are applied, the budless or weak buds in the double buds are generally erased, and only one tip is left in one bud. And timely use the flower king 3, the plant vegetative growth into reproductive growth, inhibit the main shoots mad, promote flower bud differentiation, more flowering, improve the quality of pollen fertilization, more flowering, more fruit, anti-falling fruit, promote development.
6. Fixed tip tied vines. Before the flowering of the preserved new shoots, 5 leaves were taken from the top of the flower, and 8 leaves were removed from the leaves without flowers. After the topping, a large number of secondary shoots will be germinated, leaving only the top 1 to 2 secondary tips and leaving 2 leaves repeatedly topping, and the remaining secondary tips are completely erased. At the same time, it is necessary to tie the vines according to the growth of the vines.
7. Treatment of flowering ears. In order to ensure the fruit setting rate, the tip of the spike of 1/5 of the flower spike is usually removed by artificial means, and 0.3% boron fertilizer plus 0.5% urea solution is sprayed at the flowering stage. Five days after flowering, the fruit with more results was artificially thinned, and then sprayed with a protective bag.
8. Intercropping weeding and disease control. When the grape sprouts 3 to 5 leaves, it starts to prevent disease. Spraying a new high-fat film once every 7 to 10 days, especially after the rain, it is necessary to strengthen the spray protection, and pay attention to cultivating and weeding. This period is mainly to prevent grape black pox, gray mold, rust and so on. For example, black pox can be treated with DuPont Fuxing 8000 times solution, and gray mold can be controlled with 1500 times solution. In addition, it can also be controlled by 800 times of carbendazim, 800 times of mancozeb, and 800 times of zinc.
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