Baiyu bitter gourd was introduced from Taiwan in 2003, and it was named for its white color as jade. After trial planting, it was found to have wide adaptability, easier cultivation and management than local bitter gourd, good yield and good maturity. As a characteristic of bitter gourd, it was introduced into our district for cultivation, and the market prospect is very broad.
1 characteristic characteristics
Early and mid-maturing, more resistant to powdery mildew and downy mildew, green leaves, thick stems, main stem vines up to 5 ~ 8m, strong and strong, branching strong, melon vines 8 to 10 begins the first female flower, The rate of knotting is high; the melon is cylindrical and jade white. The melon is 20~22cm long, the melon is 12~15cm, the melon is 1.0cm thick, and the single fruit is 400~500g. The bitterness of the melon is slightly light, crisp and delicious, fresh and fried. The cultivated yield of open field can reach 3,500kg in 667 square meters, and the cultivation yield in greenhouse can reach more than 4000kg. The growth period is 210 to 240 days, and the result period is 180 to 210 days.
2 cultivation points
2.1 cultivation season
It can be cultivated in most parts of Guangxi from December to August of the next year. Different cultivation modes are adopted in different seasons, such as sowing in January-March, using plastic film mulching cultivation, and sowing cultivation in April-August.
2.2 Cultivation of strong seedlings
In the winter and spring, the seedlings are mostly seedlings in the small arch shed, and the seedlings in the summer and autumn are shaded by the shade net. The seeds are first soaked in warm water at 55 °C or 50 times with 50% carbendazim 500 times, rinsed with water and then soaked for 8 hours. Germination sowing. The seeds are sown in the nutrition cup of the arch shed (the surface of the nutrient cup is added with the topsoil and the appropriate amount of decomposed organic matter), and the daytime temperature in the shed is maintained at 25-30 °C, and the nighttime is 20-22 °C. After the seedlings are out, apply 50% dikesone WP 600 times solution to prevent seedling diseases; to prevent the seedlings from growing, the shed should pay attention to ventilation and ventilation to prevent high temperature and high humidity. The melon seedlings grow to 2 to 3 true leaves, and the seedling age can be transplanted to the open field in a timely manner in about 20 days.
2.3 Soil preparation, planting and application of base fertilizer
It is advisable to choose loam or sandy loam, deep ploughing and grooving. ~ When preparing the soil, the width of the kneading surface is required to be 2m wide and the width of the groove is 50cm. The planting hole with a length of 40cm and a depth of 30cm is excavated on the surface of the clam, 1500~2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or 700kg of decomposed pure dried chicken manure is applied to the 667 square meters. Add 150kg of superphosphate, apply it to the planting hole, mix well with the soil in the hole to make the base fertilizer, put a layer of 5cm thick topsoil on the base fertilizer, and then plant it, planting 60~70 plants per 667 square meters.
2.4 scaffolding, vine and bagging
When the vine is 80-100cm long, the truss can be tied with the vine, and the "human" frame or the 1.6m high flat roof frame can be used. When the whole vine is used, the weak side vines are knocked off, and the healthy and strong side vines are retained to reduce the loss of nutrients, and at the same time, the ventilation and light transmission can be increased. When the melon has a small finger size, it can be bagged with a wax paper bag with a size of 25cm×20cm, which can effectively prevent pests such as melon flies, melons, melons and horses, and prevent the invasion of some germs. Appearance quality and commerciality of commercial melons.
2.5 fertilizer management
After the planting, keep the soil from being too dry and dry, avoid flooding and flooding. When the seedlings are green, the fully decomposed thin human excrement or 0.3% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is applied. After entering the flowering result period or the harvesting period, the topdressing should be carried out in batches in a timely manner. The topdressing should be carried out once every 20 days, 15-20 kg of vegetable special fertilizer per 667 square meters, and a small ditch should be applied around the plants, and then the soil should be covered with water. . In combination with the growth of the plant, apply a fully cooked peanut bran solution or foliar spray of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or Gaomei Shi foliar fertilizer every half month.
2.6 Pest Control
1 Taking agricultural control as the leading factor, using sorghum cultivation, smooth irrigation and drainage in the field, grasping the field management, timely cultivating weeding and clearing the residual diseased leaves in the field, and timely bagging to prevent pests and diseases.
2 The use of physical control technology, the promotion of the use of biological pesticides such as Bt preparations, such as the installation of frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps and yellow plates to trap aphids, whitefly, spotted fly and other pests.
3 Use the trichlorfon poisonous bait to trap the adult tigers, melon flies and other adults.
4 Use 80% dichlorvos EC or 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution, 50% Bataan WP 1000 times solution, azadirachtin 600 times solution, 15% gold good emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution to prevent melon and melon Pests such as whitefly, melon and melon.
5 to prevent the occurrence of blight, when seedlings are planted, 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 25% "good é“" bactericide 3000 times solution, 15% watermelon heavy sputum suspension 300 times solution 1kg for fixed root water; After planting to the young fruit stage, combined with fertilization, each plant is immersed in 1.5 to 2 kg of drug solution for 2 to 3 times.
6 In the early stage of the epidemic and downy mildew disease, 72% Plex water 800 times solution or 72% gram dew wet powder 600 times solution, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times solution, etc. are alternately sprayed on the leaf leaf back. Spray once every 5 to 7 days, even 2 to 3 times.
7 In the early stage of powdery mildew, 15% triazolone WP 1500 times solution or 45% ultrafine sulphur glue suspension 150-300 times solution, 25% broil WP 2000-2500 times solution, etc. Face back, spray once every 4 to 5 days, even spray 2 to 3 times.
2.7 harvesting
When the color of the melon body is changed from pale white to milky white, the diameter of the melon body can be harvested by about 10 cm or more.
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