Since the beginning of the summer this year, the south of China has entered the area early, has great rainfall intensity, has a heavy rainfall process, and has a serious disaster. At present, in some areas, the soil is in a state of water saturation, internal enthalpies cannot be discharged in time, and some of the disaster-damaged farmland need to be replanted. Soybean is an important crop for disaster relief. In order to guide local governments in actively responding to the impact of disasters, and timely perform recovery of production after the disaster to minimize the loss of disasters, the following technical guidance for the recovery of soybeans after production is proposed.
I. Early implementation of post-disaster management measures
For soybean fields that are seriously damaged by waterlogging but not destroyed, they must be removed timely. For example, if the area of ​​the plots is large and uneven, and drainage is difficult, the trenches should be drained and drained in time to prevent stains. For fields with strong early growth, large groups, and tendency towards longer crops, in order to curb the growth of soybeans and enhance lodging resistance, they can be used to prevent and control fall of soybeans before the initial flowering. Diluted amine 20 ml per acre is used to dilute 20 kg of water. Application, or 15% paclobutrazol 50 g watered 40-50 kg spray. Appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar and other foliar fertilizer can prevent premature aging, increase grain weight.
Second, timely sowing of early maturing soybean varieties
Soybean varieties in the south are of various types, including spring soybeans, summer soybeans, and some autumn soybeans. From the late March to the early August, there are suitable varieties for planting, which have traditionally been used as a disaster-relief crop. In recent years, spring soybean varieties are widely used in production instead of summer and autumn soybean varieties, and corresponding high-yielding production techniques are still available. Reasonably determine the sowing date. Soybean replanting time in late summer is before July 25; in areas where autumn soybeans are grown, soybeans can be sown in the fall from mid-July to August 10. Reasonable choice of species. Replanting soybean varieties can choose early-maturing summer soybean varieties, such as Zhonghuang 13, Xudou 18, Zhongdou 41 and Zhongdou 43. In some regions, the spring soybean varieties with earlier growing stages can be used instead, such as Erdou No.8 and Tianlong No.1. No. 2, Tianlong No. 2, Zhongdou 39, Zhongdou 40 or Zhechun, Xiangchun series of varieties. In order not to affect the planting of sorghum and rapeseed, the autumn sowing soybeans can also be replaced by spring soybean varieties instead of autumn and summer soybean varieties, such as Tianlong No.1, Tianlong No.2 and Zhongdou No.39.
Third, classification guidance to strengthen field management
According to the degree of occurrence of floods and floods, we should carry out classified guidance according to local conditions. One is to rob and sow when robbed. After the locust plague occurs, it is necessary to promptly drain the water in the fields, sow the planting time, and the earlier the sowing time, the higher the general output. For areas that do not have irrigation conditions, according to the weather forecast, plunder before the end of the rainy season to prevent the impact of drought. The second is to use enough base fertilizer to increase the available fertilizer. Due to the delay in the sowing period, the growth period of soybean meets the high temperature period, resulting in a shortened period of vegetative growth. To increase the amount of base fertilizer, generally 25 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and 5 kg of urea are used as base fertilizer. After emergence, according to the growth of the plant, 5 kg of urea can be applied 1-2 times per mu, and quick-effect fertilizer can also be sprayed on the leaves. The third is to increase the density appropriately. The planting density of normal summer sowing soybean mu is 13,000, and the planting density of late sowing soybean mu can be increased to 17,000 or so. If spring soybean varieties are used instead of summer and autumn soybean varieties, the planting density of mu can be increased to about 30,000. The fourth is chemical weeding. After sowing, acetochlor, Dole, etc. are used for sealing and weeding. Appropriate herbicides can be used to control large grasses after emergence. The fifth is to strengthen pest control. Due to the high temperature during late growth and development of soybeans, various diseases and pests are severe, and pest and disease control must be strengthened. The focus is on the prevention and control of Spodoptera litura, cotton bollworm, leaf roller, red spider, and blackfly, etc. Pay attention to the control of soybean meal. Sixth is timely harvest. In the autumn, the air is dry and the yellow leaves of the soybeans must be harvested in time to prevent them from falling.
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