The development of the pig industry is highly dependent on food. However, China's national conditions are more people and less. In the future, as the population continues to increase, the area of ​​cultivated land will continue to decrease, and food shortages will persist for a long time, so feed shortages will also exist for a long time. In order to alleviate the contradiction between human and livestock competition, it is imperative to develop non-grain feed. And the development of non-grain feed can also effectively reduce production costs and improve the economic benefits of farmers. Based on more than 10 years of feeding practice, six non-grain feeds suitable for feeding pigs are introduced.
Silkworm feces
Silkworm manure generally contains 13% crude protein, 10% crude fiber, 2.2% crude fat, 11% ash, 0.8% trace element, and contains 2,020 kcal of digestible energy and 85 g of digestible protein per kilogram. Silkworm dung has a clear fragrance, and pigs prefer to eat. Whether it is fresh silkworm manure or dry silkworm manure can be fed. Dry silkworms should be immersed in clean water for 2 to 3 hours before feeding, and then softened before feeding. You can feed the silkworm dung first, or mix it with other feeds. Feeding volume: piglets (under 35 kg) feed dry silkworm dung to 5% of the diet; middle pigs (35-60 kg) account for 10%; large pigs (weight more than 60 kg) account for 15%.
Chicken dung
The digestive tract of the chicken is short, and the residual nutrients in the feces are particularly large. According to the measurement, the chicken manure contains 15% to 30% of crude protein, 10% to 15% of crude fiber, 8% to 10% of various amino acids, and 2.2% of calcium. 2.7%, the content of trace elements such as copper, zinc, iron, magnesium and manganese is also high. However, 50% of the crude protein in chicken manure is non-protein ammonia, and it exists in the form of uric acid. The energy is low, the ash content is as high as 25% to 35%, and there is a foul odor. Therefore, it must be processed before feeding the pig. There are two main methods: one is the drying method. Place the collected fresh chicken manure on a clean concrete floor and let it dry. When the water drops below 5%, the mixture can be crushed and fed to the pig or stored for later use. The second is the fermentation method. Place fresh chicken manure in pools, tanks, barrels, etc., and add 50% to 60% of warm water for fermentation. The amount of water added can be mixed into a group by mixing the manure, and the hand is released. Then, the container is capped and sealed, and the fermentation is stopped after the temperature is consistent with the outside for 3 to 5 days. The fermented chicken manure is green, soft and aromatic, and can be added to the diet to feed the pigs. Pigs below 60 kg are fed with 0.5 to 1 kg of fermented chicken manure per day; pigs of 60 kg or more are fed 1 to 1.75 kg. Note that the fermented chicken manure feed should not be fed for more than 7 days, otherwise it will cause mildew and affect palatability.
3. Cow dung
Fermented feed made from cow dung, containing 12.8% starch, 2.9% crude protein, 0.8% crude fat, 0.1% sugar, has the characteristics of acid, sweet, fragrant, soft, cooked and slightly wine-flavored. Fast weight gain and good meat quality. The fermentation method comprises: mixing 70% of cow dung, 5% of blood meal, 7% of dregs, 8% of wheat bran, 8% of rice bran, 1% of bone meal, 0.6% of baking soda, 0.4% of salt, and fully mixing the above raw materials with water. The humidity can be formed into a group by hand, and the water can be seen by the finger but it is not drip. Then put it in a plastic bag or cylinder and keep it for 40 hours at 40~50°C for pig feed. Feed the pigs individually or with other feeds. The amount added is 30% to 40% of the diet.
4. Rabbit feces
Rabbit feces have high nutritional value. According to the determination, anhydrous rabbit feces contain 20.3% crude protein, of which crude protein is 5.7%, crude fiber is 16.6%, nitrogen-free extract is 40.7%, and mineral is 10.7%. To use rabbit feces as feed, first collect the rabbit feces, dry and smash, then spray the boiled water, add the amount of water to the rabbit feces, and then put it into the water tank or plastic bag, and then press it tightly. Anaerobic fermentation is carried out and can be used when the fermentation temperature reaches 40 °C. It usually takes 1 to 2 days in summer and a little longer in winter. This can both sterilize and improve the palatability of rabbit feces. Feeding amount: Generally, pigs under 60 kg account for 10% to 15% of the diet; pigs with 60 kg or more account for 20% to 25%.
5. Peanuts
Peanut vines are coarse, protein 10% to 12%, nitrogen-free extracts 45% to 50%, crude fiber 20%, calcium 0.89%, phosphorus 0.13%, is a more comprehensive feed. Peanuts are dried (preferably dried), and added to the diet to feed the pigs in a ratio of 10% to 20%; the fresh vines can be beaten and mixed into the diet to feed the pigs; Let the pigs eat freely, but this is often a waste.
6. Yellow bean leaves
Soybean leaves contain low sugar content and are rich in protein. In the fresh soybean leaves, the water content was 71.8%, the crude protein was 6.1%, the crude fat was 1.8%, the crude fiber was 4.1%, and the nitrogen-free extract was 14.8%. Each kilogram of fresh soybean leaves also contains 9.3 grams of calcium and 0.7 grams of phosphorus. The collection of soybean leaves is best carried out in the wax maturity stage. Therefore, the bean leaves are relatively tender, nutritious, high in quality, low in crude fiber, and do not affect the yield of soybeans. Feeding method: one can wash and chop the fresh leaves and mix them into the feed of pigs; secondly, the beans can be dried and processed into bean leaf powder for use; three can be dried to the moisture content of about 50%, cut After being crushed, it is put into a plastic bag for semi-dry silage. Feeding amount: The three feeding methods can be added to the diet of pigs by 20% to 30%, and can improve the palatability of the feed and effectively promote the growth and development of the pig.
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