During the pig production process, the finishing pigs cannot reach the expected weight within the effective growth days and extend the finishing period, resulting in increased feeding costs and reduced farming profits. This situation is caused by the following aspects and several measures must be taken to prevent it.
First, the reason analysis. In long-term work practices, the delay in slaughter of pigs is often caused by factors such as environment, breed, feed, management, and disease.
1. Variety: In general, good-breed pigs are slaughtered quickly, and the fattening period is short. Local pigs or earth-finished fattening pigs have a slower growth rate. Goodbred pigs can reach the slaughter weight of 150-160 days old under normal conditions. In kilograms, rather than in mature pigs, because of sexual maturity and body maturation, premature deposition of fat, and later growth slowed down, they could not be slaughtered on time. Some pig farms introduced blindly, which has brought about adverse effects. For example, pigs with poor viability, stress syndrome, and poor quality of PSE have slowed down the growth rate and also affected pork quality.
2. Nutrition: The nutritional requirements of fattening pigs in different growth stages are different. Therefore, the nutrition of the feed should be determined according to the growing period of the pigs. Feeds with poor feed quality, incomplete nutrition, malnutrition, or low absorption rates can cause pigs to fail to achieve the expected daily gain. Long-term supply of low-protein, unbalanced calcium-phosphorus ratios, lack of trace elements, insufficient vitamins, or nutritionally disrupted feeds can cause pig malnutrition, slow growth, decrease, stagnation, or even negative growth. For example, piglets do not lay a good foundation in the lactation stage, which leads to slower growth rate in the later period and is easy to get sick. The reason for this is that the feed cannot be fed in time and the quality of the attractant is poor, which seriously affects the growth and development of the piglets, resulting in weaker piglets and slow growth. The addition of too much unsaturated fatty acids, especially corrupted fatty acids, leads to vitamin destruction, too high levels of corn, high levels of copper, lack of vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin B1, all of which can cause stomach ulcers in pigs and between nutritional elements. Antagonism and some other diseases.
3. Management: The inadequate management of the feeding and management system or the non-strict implementation of the prescribed system will result in the production of weak sows, poor feeding of piglets, poor health of finishing pigs, and affecting growth. Users of pig e-net suggest that early maternal mating may lead to premature birth or high parity of female sows; poor sanitation, poor ventilation, excessively high or low temperatures, unsanitary disinfection measures, and inadequate immunization system Causes pigs to develop irregularly, poor health, and easy to get sick. In the winter, if there is neither heating nor insulation measures, it is easy to cause the temperature inside the house is too low, the house is damp and cold and the feed is frozen. In the summer, if there is no cooling equipment and ventilation facilities, it will easily lead to excessive temperature and humidity. Large, over-concentrated ammonia, excreted urine, etc., can lead to diseases of the pig's digestive system or respiratory tract, affecting the growth and development of finishing pigs.
4. Epidemic diseases: Due to the increase in the types of pig diseases and the phenomenon of mixed infections, the farms take regular medications for the purpose of preventing and curing the pigs' health. As a result, the resistance of the herds is enhanced, the beneficial bacteria in the body are reduced, and the nutrition is affected. Absorption of elements. For example, sulfonamides, furans, and erythromycin affect the absorption of calcium, resulting in weak constitutions and slow growth. On the contrary, some pig farms have a chance of being fortunate, do not pay attention to overall health and epidemic prevention and disinfection, and do not pay attention to vaccine prevention, such as diseases such as blue ear disease, stealthy swine fever, asthma, and streptococcus affecting their growth and even death. 5, other aspects: seasonal factors, excessive stress, lack of water and so on.
Second, control methods
1. Choosing a good breed of pigs: Lean pigs have higher utilization rates than feed-in and fat-type pigs, and they have fast weight gain and a short fattening period. Especially the paternity, affecting the whole field, the good male parent must show good meat production performance, feed utilization, daily gain, slaughter rate, lean meat rate, leg muscles hips, back spasm and good sexual desire. Such as production performance; maternal choice to show good reproductive performance, more litter size, strong lactation, high birth index. The number of live pigs in Duluoke at the Shandong Animal Husbandry Development Center is 10.36, with an average daily gain of 956 g at 25-100 kg and a feed-to-weight ratio of 2.67:1. The number of live pigs in Yorkshire is 11.26 heads, with an average daily gain of 922 grams on 25-100 kilograms and a feed ratio of 2.71:1. The number of live births in Changbaiwa was 11.09, and the average daily gain of 25-100 kg was 858 g, and the feed ratio was 2.70:1. Excellent boar and sow quality ensure the survival rate, growth rate and carcass leanness of piglets and finishing pigs, and increase economic efficiency.
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