Dairy cows are resistant to heat and their optimum temperature for growth is 8°C～16°C. Therefore, it is the key to management and protection of dairy cows to prevent heatstroke and reduce summer heat stress.
1. Reduce radiant heat. Use materials with good insulating properties to build roofs or add roofs, whitewash the roof and surrounding walls, and use white reflections of sunlight to reduce reflected heat and radiant heat. Moderately grow trees and grasses around cowsheds and playgrounds to reduce solar radiation, prevent hot gas from entering the cowshed and improve the microclimate of cattle farms. Conditions can be used for planting and breeding. Planting vine plants around the pergola, such as grapes, mirage, loofah, chayote, etc., will have better cooling effect. Brushing the cow body frequently also facilitates the body's heat dissipation.
2. Build a cooling cement tank. To build a cement pool, the water tanks are gently sloped at both ends. The basin is filled with clean water of 1 to 1.5 meters deep. Pergola is built on the pool, and sprinkler systems can also be installed. Dairy cows can bathe in the pool during hot summer months (be careful to keep the pool water clean). The spray system on the top sprays water down, which is very effective in reducing the body temperature of cows and has no obvious effect on breast health.
3. Build spray arbour. Many cows have a pergola on the sports ground. The pergolas should be 5 meters high. The material of the ceiling should have good thermal insulation properties and a small radiation coefficient. The ceiling should be built in an inclined manner to facilitate air circulation. On sunny days, cows can take cold and rain can prevent rain. If you build a arbor, cows shower under the arbor, the cooling effect is better. The method is to build a concrete floor under the pergolas and install two devices, a spray and a hair dryer on the roof. The spraying and the hair-drying are alternately performed. The spray is first applied for 5 minutes to allow the cows to be thoroughly wet, and then blown for 25 minutes and repeated. When spraying, the cows are sprinkled with a film of water. When the hair blows, the water evaporates and takes away the calories from the cows. The cooling effect is very good. This cooling method is suitable for dry areas in northern China. The milking parlor can also be equipped with a spray cooling system that sprays for 30 seconds above the cow's head and the fan blows for 5 minutes, alternately, with a significant cooling effect. The shower device is turned on at the hottest time in the afternoon and is not needed in the morning and evening. Spraying the pergola must be managed by someone who specializes in it. If the management is not good, it is often muddy and unfavorable to the health of dairy cows and it has become a source of infection. To prevent the cows from slipping, rubber pads can be placed on the concrete floor.
4. Ensure air circulation. The barn should be built in a ventilated area to facilitate the removal of heat and moisture from the barn. When the temperature is high, vents or doors and windows must be opened to promote air circulation in the barn. Conditional electric fans can be installed in the cowshed so that each cow can blow to the wind.
5. Science feeds feed. In the summer, the feeding method of dairy cows should be fed with little feeding, and the fine materials should be fed 4 times daily. However, it should be noted that the maximum proportion of dietary concentrate should not exceed 60%, so as not to affect the milk fat rate and the occurrence of metabolic disorders. In summer, more feeds should be given to dairy cows, such as green, tender, juicy, and high-protein feeds (such as clams, squash, wax gourds, watermelon rinds, carrots, etc.), which are conducive to cooling, and must not be fed with mildew and dew. The feed. Since 2 to 3 hours after the intake is the peak stage of heat production, the amount of feed should be increased at night during the day when the temperature is relatively low during the summer feeding period. From 8 pm to 8 am the next day, the amount of feed can account for 60%-70% of the entire diet, especially for rough materials should be arranged from 8pm to 5am. At the same time, we must also pay attention to preventing the accumulation of fermentation rancidity in the feed tank. In the hot summer, mineral deficiencies are often caused, so the amount of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, etc. should be increased.
6. Provide enough clean drinking water. Dairy cows drink about 100 kilograms a day in summer, usually using free drinking water, keeping the water clean and cool, and adding water facilities if necessary. The best water temperature is 10°C. Cool water helps cows to lower their body temperature and increase their appetite. Change the feeding of congee material, the effect is also very obvious. Conditional cattle farms can properly drink mung bean tea or salt bran soup (50 kg water, add salt 40 to 50 grams, bran 1 to 1.5 kg, 3 times a day), in order to increase the appetite of cows, prevent heatstroke and reduce temperature, effectively control Milk production decreased. However, it is not appropriate to drink water that has been deteriorating for a long time.
7. Regular sanitation. During the summer, bacterial and other pathogenic microorganisms multiply rapidly. Always clean the cowshed and brush the trough and sink. Clean the cowhouse excrement, keep the cowshed and its surroundings clean and hygienically sterilize it regularly with a highly effective disinfectant.
8. Kill mosquitoes and flies in time. In the summer, there are many mosquitoes on the cattle farm, which not only disturbs the cows' rest but also easily spreads the disease. Therefore, we must eliminate mosquitoes and flies in time so that cows can rest quietly. Specific approach is: 1 cowshed plus screen door screens to prevent mosquitoes and flies into the house; 2 cattle and cattle farms around the water, sewage tanks, septic tanks should be built outside the cattle farm wall, stamped and sealed, not only Safe, and can prevent mosquitoes and flies; 3 regularly spray drugs around the cowshed and around the cowshed to eliminate mosquitoes and flies; 4 keep cow beds, aisles, etc. clean, dry, timely and correct treatment of excreta, fill the nearby Sumps.
9. Actively prevent diseases. About half a month after cows were born, they examined their genital organs and found that the disease was promptly treated. It is also necessary to prevent and cure mastitis, metritis, epidemic fever and food poisoning in a timely manner. At the same time, we must take active measures to prevent other diseases.
YT-HAT606
YT-HAT606
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