Cold and frost
Although the temperature gradually rose after the Spring Festival as a whole, judging from the meteorological characteristics of our province for many years, there will still be cold wave weather after the beginning of spring, and the minimum temperature will even drop to below zero, so wheat may have frost damage. In addition, according to years of experience, different degrees of cold spring weather occur every spring in our province, so we must pay attention to the cold and frost resistance of wheat.
This cold wave or cold spring weather often causes more damage to wheat than the frost damage during wintering. One is that after the wheat enters the stage of resuming growth in spring, its cold resistance gradually declines. The second is that after the wheat resumes growth, it transitions from vegetative growth alone and years ago to vegetative and reproductive growth. Once freezing damage occurs during this period, it will affect young ear differentiation, which will affect and harm wheat yield.
In actual production, the following two measures are generally taken: First, if it is a dry year, especially in northern Anhui, it needs to be poured back into Qingshui. This can delay the drastic changes in soil temperature and alleviate the occurrence of frost damage. The second is to spray high-quality foliar fertilizer or plant growth-enhancing agents before the cold spring weather and strong cold weather. High-quality foliar fertilizers include Huilongbao, New America Star, Zhuang Fuxing, Cuilanchun, Youduo Potassium, and Yuma Potassium. This can improve the drought resistance of wheat plants, reduce or avoid the occurrence of freezing damage and low temperature chilling damage. For varieties with weak cold resistance, you can also add plant strengthening agents or plant growth regulators such as Tianfengsu and Bihu while spraying high-quality foliar fertilizer. Once freezing damage occurs, in addition to spraying foliar fertilizer, about 10 kg of urea per acre should be applied to promote the restoration of frozen wheat as soon as possible.
Fertilizer and water management based on seedling classification
Fertilization in spring must be managed according to seedling classification. Wheat seedlings are generally divided into weak seedlings, vigorous seedlings and strong seedlings. For weak seedlings, it is recommended to apply green fertilizer once before and after the beginning of spring; for strong seedlings and strong seedlings, it is not necessary to apply green fertilizer, only one joint fertilizer should be applied after the jointing of wheat in March. The management of fertilizer and water in wheat in the spring must do well to control the growth and promote the strong, promote the weak to strong, and promote the upgrading of the seedling situation.
The following types of seedlings should be topdressed before and after the beginning of spring: a weak seedlings caused by various reasons. Such as weak seedlings planted late, old seedlings planted prematurely in autumn, strong growth before winter, large fertilizer consumption, weak to strong seedlings, and weak seedlings caused by freezing damage, stain damage, disease and herbicide damage, etc. . Second, the last straw return to the field, especially rice stubble, the straw return to the field is relatively large, and the bottom fertilizer does not increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer in the field, if it now shows a serious phenomenon of de-fertilization, then the return of green fertilizer. 3. Fields with insufficient population, especially when the soil moisture was too high when planting last year. For this type of field, it is necessary to chase back green fertilizer once. Generally apply 10-15 kg of urea per acre, not too much.
For Wangmiao, fertilizer and water must be strictly controlled, and no more fertilizer can be applied. If fertilization is applied again, lodging will definitely occur in the later stage. While controlling fertilizer and water, we must also take measures to control the growth in time: one is to control fertilizer and water; the other is to timely suppress and control the spring seedlings before returning to jointing, which can also control spring tillers, thereby delaying the growth of wheat seedlings. Growth; the third is to use plant growth retarders, that is, chemical control. The period of chemical control must be before returning to youth (February, around the fifteenth day of the first lunar month). If the chemical control occurs after the wheat rises, it will not only control the growth of the wheat, but may also control the shape of the wheat spike. Wheat spikes are small. Chemical control agents can choose dilute azole, strong amines, wheat leaf feng, calcium cyclic acid and so on.
Regarding strong seedlings, although no special management is needed, it must not be ignored. We must pay close attention to the changes in seedling conditions to prevent the strong seedlings from becoming weak or strong. If there is de-fertilization, the lighter de-fertilized fields can be sprayed with foliar fertilizers containing a large amount of elements, and at the same time, 2-3 urea per 30 kg of water can be sprayed to consolidate the strong seedlings. For more serious fields, 5-8 kg of urea can be applied per acre, and it should not be too much. If the spring seedlings of strong seedlings are particularly numerous, and the seedlings tend to grow, then repression or chemical control must also be adopted.
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