Winter melon is a vegetable that is used both for food and medicine and has always been one of the main foods on the table. Winter melon is heat-resistant, sensitive to low temperature, developed in roots, and has low requirements on soil. Planting melon requires a lot of water and fertilizer, and the sun is sufficient.
In recent years, the market output of short melon is low and the market price is low. The long-selling melon sells at a high yield. It is advisable to choose a new hybrid thick-skin melon such as Black Warrior, Black League Master, and 1538. This type of plant is characterized by strong growth, strong resistance to disease, strong roots, deep green leaves, velvety hair, long cylindrical like a cannonball shape, tight meat, green or black leather, smooth skin, melon length 80 - 100 cm, the diameter is about 25 cm, the weight of a single melon is about 25 kg, the taste is sweet, the quality is excellent, medicinal, fresh food and processing, special storage and transportation!
First, cultivation points
(1) Seeding at the right time
The spring sowing period is from February to April, and the growth period is about 120 days; the autumn planting period is from June to July, and the growth period is about 100 days. Seedlings are nursed in a nutritious bowl, and the real leaves are first selected for sunny and warm weather and moved to the field for planting. After soaking seeds and germination, autumn plants can be spotted to Daejeon; 20-30 grams of seeds per acre are required for climbing, and 40-seeds per acre are required for planting. 50 grams.
(2) Site selection and planting
A plot of land that is used as a rice or aquatic crop before selection. Climbing cultivation requires a wide raft, which is 2 to 2.5 meters wide (with a ditch) and a height of about 0.5 m. The planting specifications are determined according to the variety and planting season: the spring growth period is long, the knot is late, the melon shape is large, and it should be planted in a single line. The plant spacing is 80-100 cm, and the planting is about 300 plants; the autumn planting period is short and the melon is early. The melon type is finer, the planting distance of a single row is 60-80 cm, and about 350 plants per mu. The planting distance of the plant is 70-80 cm, the row spacing is 1-1.2 m, and the planting is about 700-800 plants per mu.
(3) Fertilizer and water management
Winter melon needs more fertilizer and water. To obtain high yield, it is necessary to apply enough base fertilizer and continue to topdress in the later stage. When smashing, ditch in the middle of the sputum to apply decomposed pig manure, cow dung, peanut bran, hair fertilizer, etc. as base fertilizer, about 1000 kg per 667 square meters, such as 40 kg of compound fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer if the farmer's fertilizer is insufficient. As a base fertilizer. Before planting (or on-demand), open a hole, and then apply 1 to 2 kg of decomposed farmyard manure at each hole and mix well, so that the roots of the seedlings can quickly absorb nutrients to promote growth and development. The topdressing should be based on the needs of the plant, and the principle of lightness, weight, and lightness should be mastered. The key composting should be carried out after the man’s shed to the melon, and the weight of the melon is about 5 kg. Pay attention to "four noes" when topdressing:
1 Do not topdress before heavy rain;
2 Do not apply immediately after heavy rain;
3 Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;
4 Do not pour the fertilizer solution on the head of the plant, otherwise the plant will have poor absorption, waste fertilizer and cause disease.
Winter melon requires more water. In the seedling stage, the weather should be drenched in the morning and evening, and the water should be properly reduced in the cold. The vines need more water after being shed on the shed. In addition to the water immersed once a day, the crater should keep the water level of 7-10 cm deep, and the rainy day should be arranged. Dry pit water. In short, it is necessary to keep the soil moist and dry, and control the water for storage 10 days before harvesting.
(4) Field management
Whether melon field management is meticulous is one of the keys to high yield. There are several tasks to be managed in management:
1 pressure vine: melon is easy to produce adventitious roots, so should pay attention to pressing vines, when pressing vines, each plant vine will be circled around the plant. Every 3 to 4 days, choose a sunny day and press the mud on the knot. Only press 3-4 places to make the roots accumulate adventitious roots, and wait until the melon vines press the vines on the quilt for 15 knots.
2 Inserting vines: Use 3 to 4 bamboo rafts to form a bracket, and a thick bamboo raft on the top of the frame to connect the brackets for stability: When the vine is introduced, according to the direction of the cockroach, the vine is turned around the bracket counterclockwise, and the vine is guided to the western painting in a planned manner, and the vine leaves are used to cover the fruit to reduce the sun and the sun, and avoid burning the winter melon.
3 promptly remove the side vines: the black skin of the melon is only the main vine, and the rest are removed in time.
4 stay melon: black skin melon is better to leave melon between the 22nd and the 26th.
5 guard melon: winter melon body is large and heavy, melon single melon weighs about 25 kg. The cultivation of the frame is to prevent the melon from being blown off by the wind. When the weight of the melon is about 5 kilograms, the hemp stalk is used to cover the stalk and then attached to the stalk. After the melons are kept, the upper melons continue to grow, and the tops are taken from the melon section for 15 sections, so that the nutrients are concentrated to supply the fruits. When the sun is big, cover the melon with thatch or newspaper to prevent the melon from being sunburned.
6 harvesting and storage: eating old ripe melon, flowering to the first harvest to 40 to 50 days. It should not be harvested immediately after the rain. During the harvesting and storage process, it must be carefully moved; the storage place should be cool, ventilated and dry. During storage, it should be checked in time to pick out the diseased melon and avoid infection.
Second, disease prevention
1 çŒ ç—… disease: US state cure 500 times liquid, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times liquid or 70% early base thiophanate 800 times liquid spray control.
2 Blight: In the temperature above 20 °C, rainy, foggy, high humidity, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, planting susceptible varieties, the incidence is serious. The seedlings began to develop from the tip of the leaf, and the early dark green water stains. The adult stage is mainly caused by tender stems and nodes, water-stained, soft, contracted, the leaves above the affected area are wilting, the lesions are sunken and contracted on the fruit, and white mold is present when the humidity is high. Control method: prevention-based, spraying at the seedling stage, the agent has acryloylmorpho-manganese-zinc wettable powder 500-fold dilution, Xitai 800-fold dilution, Meibang double-volt 800-fold dilution, spray every 7-10 days 2 times, alternate use.
3 Fusarium wilt: When the temperature is above 25 °C, rainy or cold and warm alternately occur, planting susceptible varieties or not paying attention to rotation, will cause the disease to spread: seeds, fertilizers, soils are the primary source of infection, mainly soil: seedling stage When the stems and petioles become brown, the edges of the leaves are dark brown and curled. In the adult stage, the longitudinal brown spots of the stems can be extended for several knots, the leaves of the bases turn yellow, expand upwards, the vascular bundles of the roots and stems turn brown, and the whole plants sag and droop. Control methods: planting disease-resistant varieties, strengthening field management, applying basic fertilizer, water and drought rotation, timely removal of diseased plants to prevent spread; application of pesticide control, 800-fold dilution of Bacillus subtilis or 70% methyl thiophanate-containing wettable powder 1500 times dilution of the solution.
4 anthracnose: It occurs severely in the hot and rainy season, which is harmful to leaves, stems and fruits. When the victim is damaged, the leaves are yellowish-white round spots, which turn brown, have concentric circles, and are easily broken when dry. The diseased spots of the fruit subsided and the center cracked. Control method: select high-efficiency soil for drainage and irrigation, remove diseased leaves and diseased fruits; spray medicine in time, 70% methyl thiophanate-methyl WP 1500-1000 dilution, 50% carbendazim WP 500 Diluted dilution, dibenzopyrene-methanol 600-fold dilution, 75% chlorothalonil WP 500-fold dilution.
5 virus disease: It is easy to occur in the seasons of drought, high temperature and aphids. Control methods: selection of disease-resistant or disease-resistant varieties, application of base fertilizer, enhance plant disease resistance, spray poisoning to kill aphids, to prevent transmission of viruses, amino acid oligosaccharides, morpholinium hydrochloride mixed planting times zinc fertilizer 600 times Spray the dilution.
6 Powdery mildew: The temperature is severe when the temperature is 16-24 °C, the humidity is high in the morning and evening, and the ventilation conditions are poor. The germs are mainly transmitted by air and rain. The disease is caused by leaves, petioles and fruits. Control method: select resistant varieties to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; in the early stage of the disease, timely spraying and control, 25% powder rusting wettable powder 1000 times dilution, or sulfur rubber suspension 150 times dilution, or 50% colloidal sulfur 100-150 The diluted solution is sprayed once every 7-10 days for 3 consecutive times.
7-day burn: Cover the fruit with melon leaves or other materials to reduce direct sunlight.
Third, pest control
1 Hummer: More than 20 generations a year. The nymphs concentrate on sucking young leaves, flowers, and young fruit juices, so that the young leaves are atrophic and clumped. The damaged fruit hairs become black and the skin is rough, showing a rust-brown scar, causing fruit drop, which seriously affects quality and yield.
Control method: It can be obviously reduced by film cover cultivation; it is mainly used for prevention and treatment. It can be sprayed at the beginning of the period. It can be sprayed with 50% of the sharpener 3000 times dilution or 25% of the big flag 1000 times dilution, or the application of imidacloprid 2000.å…‹ mixed fine sand 10 kg, divided into 3 times ditch planting.
2 Aphids: The adult plants and nymphs suck the plant juice to shrink the leaves of the plants and spread viral diseases. Film cover cultivation can significantly reduce the damage.
Chemical control: imidacloprid wettable powder 700 times dilution, or 25% 扛 扛 banner 800 times dilution, or pymetrozine nitramide 800 times dilution spray alternately.
3 Huang Shou melon: Overwintering adults fly to the seedlings in mid-March. Adult food leaves.
Control method: spray with 90% dichlorfenal crystal 800 times dilution or dichlorvos EC 500 times dilution.
4 melon: 40.7% lesbian 1000 times solution, 50% chlorpyrifos 1000 times solution or Bacillus thuringiensis preparations spray control.
5 Liriomyza sativae: 75% muscimol 700 times solution mixed with 3% avermectin 500 times spray control.
6 螨 class: 3% avermectin 700 times liquid mixed with 哒螨 700 700 times liquid spray control.
Planting winter melon with high yield and good economic benefits is a good choice for agricultural planting!
Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
Far infrared heat mat,Pemf mats,Pemf therapy mat,Rainbow 7 stones mat
Guangzhou Fuerle Health Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.fuerlehealth.com