Water and fertilizer management before transplantation
Before the strawberry transplant, the soil with loose soil, rich organic matter and good drainage should be used. For the first crop, beans or field crops should be used. The soil should have suitable moisture, so as to facilitate the application of the base fertilizer in combination with the soil preparation, and create favorable conditions for slow seedling growth and pre-growth. At the same time, the amount of irrigation should be appropriate, and must not be flooded.
The management of water and fertilizer in protected areas such as greenhouses is basically the same as that in open fields. However, under the condition of micro-irrigation and fertilization, the proportion and dosage of base fertilizers can be appropriately reduced. Generally, 40% of base fertilizer and 60% of topdressing are suitable. For example, for a strawberry with a yield of 3,000 kg per mu, the base fertilizer can be applied to a farmer's fertilizer of about 3,000 kg per mu, and the general-purpose compound fertilizer (the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is similar, and the total nutrient content is not less than 45%) is 20 to 25 kg.
Growth period water and fertilizer management
The root distribution of strawberry is shallow. The irrigation and fertilization should focus on the flowering period and fruit expansion period. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be properly combined and carried out in small amounts. For open field strawberries, it is recommended to combine irrigation, applying 9~10 kg of urea per acre, 4~8 kg of potassium sulfate, and applying high nitrogen and potassium complexes with total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of not less than 45%. Fertilizer 15~20 kg; in the fruit expansion period, apply 11~13 kg of urea per acre, 7~10 kg of potassium sulfate, or the total nutrient content is not less than 45% and the high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer is 20~25 kg.
For the protection of strawberries in greenhouses, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of “small number of timesâ€, and combine topdressing with irrigation. The specific quantity and number depends on soil fertility, soil moisture and plant growth and development. It is necessary to focus on the flowering period and the fruit expansion period. The fertilizer is mainly composed of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Each time, the high-nitrogen potassium-type ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 15-20 kg, and the top dressing is stopped 15 to 20 days before the pulling.
Application of medium and trace element fertilizer
In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the essential nutrients for strawberry also require various trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, magnesium zinc and iron. In order to prevent the lack of these elements, in addition to the application of a variety of nutrient-rich organic fertilizers and calcium and magnesium-rich calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate, and the application of appropriate amount of lime in acid soil, foliar spray containing trace elements Fertilizer is also a simple, fast and effective method.
The top dressing can be carried out in the bud stage, flowering stage and flower bud differentiation stage. In addition to preventing the deficiency, it can also improve the photosynthesis intensity of the leaves of the strawberry, promote the root development, increase the fruit yield, improve the fruit quality, and make the fruit taste more delicious. The price of the goods is higher. For example, in the middle and late stages, sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% of urea solution, 0.3% to 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 0.1% to 0.3% of boric acid solution, and 0.2% of calcium sulfate plus 0.05%. Foliar fertilizer such as manganese sulfate (1:1 by volume).
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