In winter, the temperature is getting lower, and the flow of diesel oil and engine oil begins to deteriorate, causing inconvenience to the use and maintenance of the tractor. How to use and maintain the tractor in winter should pay attention to the following points:
1. Do a good job in the seasonal maintenance work Before entering into the winter, all parts of the tractor should be descaled, cleaned, adjusted and lubricated. Technical indicators such as valve clearance, fuel injection pressure and injection advance angle should be adjusted to the specified range, and the valve clearance should be too large. Too small, insufficient injection pressure, and too late fuel supply can cause engine start-up difficulties. In addition, complete adjustments must be made to the clutches, brakes and operating mechanisms to ensure that the tractor is in good technical condition.
2. Fuel oil for proper use of fuel tractors should be based on local temperature conditions. Generally, diesel fuel with a freezing point below the local minimum temperature of 5~10°C is generally used. If the local minimum temperature is -5°C, the -10# diesel oil can be selected. The lowest temperature is -5 ~ -10 °C, the choice of -20 diesel.
III. Replacement of lubrication oil in time In winter, due to the low temperature, the viscosity of the oil increases, the fluidity deteriorates, and the starting resistance increases, which makes it difficult to start and lubricate. Therefore, the 11th engine oil used in summer should be changed to the winter one in time. No. motor oil. The gear oil in the gearbox and rear axle should be changed from No. 30 for summer to No. 20.
4. Daily Inspection Check the amount of oil (including diesel oil and engine oil), air pressure, brake, clutch, light and other devices before every day.
5. Preheat the cold season correctly, and warm up the tractor before starting it. First, warm the body with hot water of 80~90°C. The first time can not use too hot water, so as to avoid the body, cylinder head and other parts of the cold suddenly high temperature and burst. When water is added, turn on the water release switch and use the method of heating water while putting water until the body drain valve flows out of warm water. Close the drain valve and fill it with boiling water. When the temperature is particularly cold, the oil must be warmed up. The oil in the sump released from the vehicle is filled in a container and warmed with hot water before being injected into the sump, and the crankshaft is cranked over several tens of turns so that all parts are fully lubricated and then started. Never use an open flame to bake the engine.
6. Correct start without heating water Preheating and forced starting or starting without cooling water may cause the sudden temperature increase of the piston and cylinder liner to pull the cylinder liner, or may add cold water to crack the cylinder liner. Starting with tractors or sloping slopes is an incorrect practice and should be avoided. Do not start work immediately after start-up. It should be run at low speed for a period of time to allow the engine to fully warm up. The water temperature can reach above 40°C and can be started. The water temperature can reach 60°C for load operation.
VII. Insulation and antifreeze In the cold winter, insulation measures should be taken for the tractor. Such as: In the engine cover insulation curtain, insulation cover, if necessary, in the tractor radiator with cardboard wind to reduce the entry of cold air, or loosen the fan belt properly, reduce the fan speed. The engine equipped with an organic oil radiator should switch the switch to the winter position so that the oil does not flow through the oil radiator.
After taking delivery, especially at night, in order to prevent the cooling water from freezing, the water must be drained. When the water is released, the water temperature should be reduced to below 50°C. After cranking, the crankshaft should be cranked for several weeks to drain the water in the pump casing. Do not close the drain switch. , and finally marked the release of water in obvious places. For transport tractors, antifreeze can be used instead of cooling water to avoid the trouble of daily water discharge.
VIII. Use of storage batteries Difficult to start in winter. The duration of the electric start must not exceed 5 seconds. If it fails to start once, it should be stopped for half an minute before starting again. The reason should not be checked when starting up for three times. The specific gravity of the electrolyte should be adjusted from 1.25 to 1.26 in the summer to 1.28 to 1.29, and it can be adjusted to 1.30 to 1.31 in the high-cold area. The discharge of the battery must not exceed 25% of its capacity. If it exceeds 25%, it should be recharged. When not in use, the battery should be unloaded, fully charged, stored in a place with little or no change in drying and ventilation temperature, and checked once a month. Insufficient battery power should be recharged to extend the service life of the battery.
9. Safe Driving Winter snow, ice, tire adhesion is poor, easy to slip. Therefore, when driving on icy and snowy roads, the tractor should be equipped with anti-skid chains and anti-skid equipment such as triangle pad. The speed should be slowed down properly, driving at a constant speed to avoid emergency braking. On the downhill and downhill slopes, low gears should be used to keep the speed even and shifts should be prohibited midway, so as to avoid downtime due to improper operation.
When exercising on snow or on icy roads, the speed should be appropriately slowed down, and the brakes should be applied as little as possible. The throttle size should be changed or the gears should be changed. The speed of the engine can be controlled by the inertia of the engine. When fog is exercised, it should be below the middle speed, and exercise on the right side of the center line, but do not cling to the side of the road. When the fog is particularly large, turn on the lights, often whistle, and you can use the red gauze to tie in the open front. Lights, in order to more effectively attract the attention of other vehicles and pedestrians; when visibility is less than 30 meters, overtaking is strictly prohibited.
Before turning off the vehicle in winter, the engine should run at a low speed for 3 to 5 minutes. When the standby cooling water temperature drops to about 60°C, it will be extinguished to prevent cracks due to inconsistent cooling rates in the body.
10. Safely park tractors should be parked as far as possible in the garage to prevent wind, sun, ice and rain and snow erosion. When stopping on the way, you should choose a good parking place. You should choose to park on a flat, dry, sunny place to avoid slippery tractors or frozen tires on the ground. If it is expected that the parking time is long, cooling water should also be put in order to prevent the water from freezing in the machine and damage the parts. When the water is drained, the water tank cover and all the waterproof switches should be opened below 60°C. After releasing, crank the crankshaft several times to drain the cooling water.
1. Do a good job in the seasonal maintenance work Before entering into the winter, all parts of the tractor should be descaled, cleaned, adjusted and lubricated. Technical indicators such as valve clearance, fuel injection pressure and injection advance angle should be adjusted to the specified range, and the valve clearance should be too large. Too small, insufficient injection pressure, and too late fuel supply can cause engine start-up difficulties. In addition, complete adjustments must be made to the clutches, brakes and operating mechanisms to ensure that the tractor is in good technical condition.
2. Fuel oil for proper use of fuel tractors should be based on local temperature conditions. Generally, diesel fuel with a freezing point below the local minimum temperature of 5~10°C is generally used. If the local minimum temperature is -5°C, the -10# diesel oil can be selected. The lowest temperature is -5 ~ -10 °C, the choice of -20 diesel.
III. Replacement of lubrication oil in time In winter, due to the low temperature, the viscosity of the oil increases, the fluidity deteriorates, and the starting resistance increases, which makes it difficult to start and lubricate. Therefore, the 11th engine oil used in summer should be changed to the winter one in time. No. motor oil. The gear oil in the gearbox and rear axle should be changed from No. 30 for summer to No. 20.
4. Daily Inspection Check the amount of oil (including diesel oil and engine oil), air pressure, brake, clutch, light and other devices before every day.
5. Preheat the cold season correctly, and warm up the tractor before starting it. First, warm the body with hot water of 80~90°C. The first time can not use too hot water, so as to avoid the body, cylinder head and other parts of the cold suddenly high temperature and burst. When water is added, turn on the water release switch and use the method of heating water while putting water until the body drain valve flows out of warm water. Close the drain valve and fill it with boiling water. When the temperature is particularly cold, the oil must be warmed up. The oil in the sump released from the vehicle is filled in a container and warmed with hot water before being injected into the sump, and the crankshaft is cranked over several tens of turns so that all parts are fully lubricated and then started. Never use an open flame to bake the engine.
6. Correct start without heating water Preheating and forced starting or starting without cooling water may cause the sudden temperature increase of the piston and cylinder liner to pull the cylinder liner, or may add cold water to crack the cylinder liner. Starting with tractors or sloping slopes is an incorrect practice and should be avoided. Do not start work immediately after start-up. It should be run at low speed for a period of time to allow the engine to fully warm up. The water temperature can reach above 40°C and can be started. The water temperature can reach 60°C for load operation.
VII. Insulation and antifreeze In the cold winter, insulation measures should be taken for the tractor. Such as: In the engine cover insulation curtain, insulation cover, if necessary, in the tractor radiator with cardboard wind to reduce the entry of cold air, or loosen the fan belt properly, reduce the fan speed. The engine equipped with an organic oil radiator should switch the switch to the winter position so that the oil does not flow through the oil radiator.
After taking delivery, especially at night, in order to prevent the cooling water from freezing, the water must be drained. When the water is released, the water temperature should be reduced to below 50°C. After cranking, the crankshaft should be cranked for several weeks to drain the water in the pump casing. Do not close the drain switch. , and finally marked the release of water in obvious places. For transport tractors, antifreeze can be used instead of cooling water to avoid the trouble of daily water discharge.
VIII. Use of storage batteries Difficult to start in winter. The duration of the electric start must not exceed 5 seconds. If it fails to start once, it should be stopped for half an minute before starting again. The reason should not be checked when starting up for three times. The specific gravity of the electrolyte should be adjusted from 1.25 to 1.26 in the summer to 1.28 to 1.29, and it can be adjusted to 1.30 to 1.31 in the high-cold area. The discharge of the battery must not exceed 25% of its capacity. If it exceeds 25%, it should be recharged. When not in use, the battery should be unloaded, fully charged, stored in a place with little or no change in drying and ventilation temperature, and checked once a month. Insufficient battery power should be recharged to extend the service life of the battery.
9. Safe Driving Winter snow, ice, tire adhesion is poor, easy to slip. Therefore, when driving on icy and snowy roads, the tractor should be equipped with anti-skid chains and anti-skid equipment such as triangle pad. The speed should be slowed down properly, driving at a constant speed to avoid emergency braking. On the downhill and downhill slopes, low gears should be used to keep the speed even and shifts should be prohibited midway, so as to avoid downtime due to improper operation.
When exercising on snow or on icy roads, the speed should be appropriately slowed down, and the brakes should be applied as little as possible. The throttle size should be changed or the gears should be changed. The speed of the engine can be controlled by the inertia of the engine. When fog is exercised, it should be below the middle speed, and exercise on the right side of the center line, but do not cling to the side of the road. When the fog is particularly large, turn on the lights, often whistle, and you can use the red gauze to tie in the open front. Lights, in order to more effectively attract the attention of other vehicles and pedestrians; when visibility is less than 30 meters, overtaking is strictly prohibited.
Before turning off the vehicle in winter, the engine should run at a low speed for 3 to 5 minutes. When the standby cooling water temperature drops to about 60°C, it will be extinguished to prevent cracks due to inconsistent cooling rates in the body.
10. Safely park tractors should be parked as far as possible in the garage to prevent wind, sun, ice and rain and snow erosion. When stopping on the way, you should choose a good parking place. You should choose to park on a flat, dry, sunny place to avoid slippery tractors or frozen tires on the ground. If it is expected that the parking time is long, cooling water should also be put in order to prevent the water from freezing in the machine and damage the parts. When the water is drained, the water tank cover and all the waterproof switches should be opened below 60°C. After releasing, crank the crankshaft several times to drain the cooling water.
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