The pepper growers are blessed, especially the farmers in the Central Plains, because the content brought by Huinong.com is the key technology for spring seedling cultivation in the Central Plains. The planting case of Qingfeng County in Henan Province is the key point for everyone.
1 Determine the nursery period
In the Central Plains, Chaotian pepper seedlings are springing from February to early March, and wheat is from late March to early April.
2 variety selection
(1) According to market demand, soil fertility conditions, farmers' cultivation habits, etc., select excellent varieties, such as a new generation, bullets, and Japanese three cherry series.
(2) The selected seeds should be of high purity and good quality. Pepper is a regular cross-pollination crop, the natural hybridization rate is about 10%, and the seed can be used for several years. If the seed is not replaced for a long time, the seed will be degraded and the yield will be greatly reduced. There are two aspects to be considered when selecting good seeds: 1 to the regular unit (person) to choose the original seed or the seed that has been purified and rejuvenated, and take the initiative to request the invoice or quality assurance card; 2 if the seed is kept, the plant should be selected in the high-yield field, the fruit is strong and fruity. Plants with typical characteristics of fullness and character are harvested and aired separately, and used as seeds for the next year, and should be separated from other varieties by more than 500 m. The selected seeds must be new seeds, and the color is bright yellow, shiny, not musty, the seeds are full, the umbilicus is large, and the germination test is required when sowing.
3 nursery
Robust seedlings are the basis and key to high yield and stability. The standard of strong seedlings is about 60d, the plant height is about 20cm, and the leaves are more than 12 pieces; the seedlings are thick (transverse diameter) about 4mm, and the internodes are 1~2cm long; the cotyledons are not falling off, the leaves are thick, and the leaves are dark green. Gloss; roots are developed, no pests and diseases.
3.1 Seedbed preparation
Planting 1 mu of Chaotianjiao requires 15m2 of seedbed, garlic sorghum, rapeseed 茬20m2, and wheat glutinous rice 25m2. Choose leeward to the sun, the terrain is high, and the irrigation and drainage conditions are good. The fertile fields of the solanaceous vegetables will be used as seedbeds within 2 to 3 years.
3.2 Seedbed construction
The seedbed is made from north to south, with a width of 1.2-1.3m, a length of 10m, and a 15cm deep soil, 2/3 for the nutrient soil, and 1/3 for a 10cm high scorpion on the four sides of the seedbed, with a width of 2m. The agricultural film is covered with a small arch shed to raise seedlings.
3.3 Nutrient soil preparation
The seedbed soil consists of 1 part of fully decomposed chicken manure or pig manure, and 2 parts of fertile garden soil that has not been planted with solanaceous vegetables for 3 years. After sieving, it is evenly mixed, and NPK three elements are added to the 1 m3 seedbed soil (each Contains 15% of compound fertilizer 2 kg and 50 g of boron and zinc fertilizer. If conditions permit, the charcoal and vermiculite can be formulated into a basic nutrient soil in a ratio of 2:1, and 3 kg of chicken manure and 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer per 1 m3 of nutrient soil.
The seedbed soil should be thoroughly disinfected. The seedling soil with a thickness of 10~15 cm/m2 is mixed with 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 20g and 80% trichlorfon WP 3g. Standing dry, anthracnose, underground insects, etc. After thoroughly mixing the soil and fertilizer, fill it back into the seedbed and level it out.
3.4 Seed Disinfection and Seed Soaking
Seed soaking before soaking seeds, the common method is to soak the seed germination method, that is, soak the seeds with warm water at 55 ° C ~ 60 ° C, and continuously stir to 35 ° C ~ 40 ° C for 20 ~ 30min. After soaking seeds, the seeds are placed in an incubator at 28 ° C to 30 ° C for germination. Generally, germination begins after about 3 days, and when 80% of the seeds are "white", they are sown.
3.5 sowing
On the day before or on the day of sowing, the seedbed is watered, and after the water is infiltrated, a layer of fine soil of 1 to 2 cm thick is applied. The seeds are mixed with dry soil and evenly spread on the bed surface. The seeding amount is preferably 10 g per square meter. Then cover the nutrient soil 0.5 ~ 0.8 cm, and then spray a thin layer of water with a watering can to make the seedbed wet.
3.6 Seedbed Management
3.6.1 Emergence period (before sowing to pre-emergence) This link is the key to emergence, and should be kept warm and moisturized to promote the whole seedling. When the temperature is low in February, the single film cover can be changed to double film cover. After the morning sunrise, it is necessary to uncover the grasshoppers in time and cover the grasshoppers at night. Generally, the seed of the germination can be emerged in 3 days, and it takes 7-8 days to seed only the seed soaking. Before emergence, the seedbed temperature is 25 °C ~ 30 °C during the day, 5 °C ~ 20 °C during the night, and the soil temperature is 15 °C ~ 18 °C. When 70% of the seeds are broken, the mulch film is removed in time to prevent baking, and 0.2~0.3 cm is wet. Earth roots.
3.6.2 Seedling period (unearthed to the third true leaf grows) This link should maintain a high temperature, which is conducive to the emergence of neat seedlings, that is, warming and venting to promote strong seedlings. The daytime temperature is about 30 °C, and the night temperature is 18 °C to 20 °C. When the seedlings are out, they can cover the soil properly, fill the cracks that appear when the seedlings are unearthed, reduce the watering, and play the role of moisturizing and improving the ground temperature. After the cotyledons are unfolded, in order to prevent the seedlings from growing, the temperature should be appropriately lowered. During the day, the temperature is lowered to 26 ° C to 28 ° C, and the night temperature is maintained at 14 ° C to 16 ° C to ensure that the cotyledons are hypertrophied and the growth is robust. After emergence, in order to prevent the fall of the seedlings, try not to directly pour cold water, the humidity should not be too large, and the night temperature should not be too low. If more pours occur, spray anti-stumping drugs according to the instructions. Seedlings may also suffer from pests such as thrips, mites, and whitefly, and should be treated regularly.
3.6.3 Seedling stage (4 pieces of true leaves to transplanting) This part is mainly to reduce temperature and control wet and strong seedlings. In this period, it is advisable to use a method that combines only the ventilation, the film, the day cover, and the gradual withdrawal of the membrane to carry out the low-temperature refining, so that the temperature of the seedling is similar to that of the field. After 4 pieces of true leaves, you can not block the air outlet at night. 7 to 15 days before planting, gradually increase the air release time every day, and the air outlet is from small to large. Gradually, the night cover is covered, the sun is covered, and the film is refinished 5 to 7 days before planting. 10 days before planting, there is generally no watering, which is mainly controlled to promote root development. The day before transplanting, the water is poured in the seedbed, so that when the seedlings are planted, the soil is often soiled, and the roots are less damaged. 1 to 2 days before watering, Akthai 1500-2500 times liquid plus oxacillin 3 000 times liquid spray seedbed 2 to 3kg per square meter of seedling solution or spray with pesticides and insecticides to achieve transplanting with drugs.
4 Pest control
4.1 Disease
The diseases of Chaotian pepper seedlings are mainly rickets, blight, virus diseases and so on. The effect of disease control is achieved mainly by controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedlings. Excessive humidity can cause stagnation, blight and disease, etc. If the temperature is too high, it can cause viral disease. The disease was found to be timely administered with carbendazim, dimethomorph, and the like.
4.2 Pests
Pests such as aphids, whitefly, sassafras and thrips should be regularly controlled throughout the seedling period. Special observation of new leaves, early detection of pests. It is best to control the aphids every 10 to 15 days of smoked smoke; if the sassafras or scorpion horses occur, they can be sprayed with agents such as plaque or AKT. Before the planting, the drug control must be carried out according to the occurrence of the pests and diseases.
Well, the above is the expert experience of the experts on the breeding of the peppers for many years and the key techniques in the process of early spring pepper cultivation. Please learn from the farmers.
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