Rice needs a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements at each stage of its growth. Once deficient, it will affect growth and development and lead to reduced yield. After the deficiency, the symptoms often appear on the leaves. Therefore, during the growth of early rice, the color and shape of the leaves and plants should be frequently observed to distinguish the type of deficiency, and immediate remedy.
1. Nitrogen deficiency and yellowing. Nitrogen deficiency in rice seedlings generally begins to yellow uniformly from the old leaves downward, gradually extending from the basal leaves to the heart leaves, and finally the whole plant falls yellow. Nitrogen deficiency can cause rice dwarf, with different extension of leaf blades, late and thin tillers, short, narrow, erect leaves with yellowish green, resulting in short plants, few tillers, premature senescence, small ears, and incomplete grains.
Remedy: At this time, nitrogen fertilizer should be added, and 5-7 kg of urea is applied per acre. If the nitrogen deficiency is severe, the application amount should be slightly increased, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied.
Second, phosphorus deficiency and redness. Early rice seedlings grow significantly slower after turning green, tillering is delayed or not tillering, or the symptoms of stiff seedlings appear after turning green, and the leaves are thin and erect, and in severe cases, the leaves are curled and folded along the midvein, the leaves are dark green and dull, and the tips of leaves Blue-purple, dark green with gray-purple rice plants when viewed from afar; rice plants are clustered, short and thin; roots are tight, the new roots are few, and complications of hydrogen sulfide poisoning sometimes occur. Phosphorus-deficient rice tends to decline before aging.
Remedial measures: topdressing in shallow water, spraying with higher phosphorus-containing foliar fertilizer (such as imported Nuofeng: 46 phosphorus and 30 potassium content), implement shallow irrigation and frequent irrigation on pipe water, and repeatedly expose the field to increase soil temperature To enhance the ability of rice roots to absorb and metabolize phosphorus, when new roots emerge, 3-4 kg of urea per acre is promoted to grow.
Third, potassium deficiency bacterial wilt. Early rice was deficient in potassium, although the roots could turn green after transplanting, but the leaves were yellow with brown spots, small red spots on the tip and edge of the old leaves, and finally the leaves gradually became reddish brown and died from the tip. Every time a new leaf grows, the disease of an old leaf increases. In severe cases, only a few new leaves remain green in the whole plant, which looks like a fire in the distance. The entire root system of the diseased plant was yellow-brown to dark brown with few new roots. Potassium-deficient red withering occurs mainly in cold-soaked fields, rusty paddy fields, and rotten mud fields of early rice.
Remedy: Drain immediately, apply 100-150 kg of plant ash per mu; or apply 4-6 kg of potassium chloride per acre, put dry field water before fertilization, and apply strip or hole application to the soil layer 5-10 cm deep; Or spray 1% potassium chloride or potassium sulfate solution on the foliar surface, and apply nitrogen fertilizer for interstitial irrigation to increase the capacity of absorbing fertilizer.
Fourth, zinc deficiency clusters. Early rice seedlings deficient in zinc appeared greenish yellowish albino in the middle veins of the lower leaves, and had reddish brown spots and irregular plaques, and then gradually expanded into reddish brown spots. From the tip of the leaves, they became reddish brown and withered. The lower and upper leaves appear in turn. The emergence rate of the diseased plant slowed down, the new leaves were short and narrow, and the new leaves faded, especially the yellowish white near the midrib of the base. Pillows of severely diseased plants have shortened or misplaced leaves, and are obviously dwarfed. The sheaths are longer than the leaves, and the joints are difficult to join.
Remedial measures: Drain the land immediately, increase aeration, and promote root development. When rice seedlings show symptoms of zinc deficiency, zinc fertilizers with good effects (such as Unico zinc imported from Italy) should be sprayed or zinc sulfate be formulated into a 0.1% -0.2% aqueous solution for foliar spraying. For mu, use 50-60 kg of prepared zinc sulfate fertilizer solution, spray once every 7 days, and spray twice.
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