I. Introduction
After the collection of the pig semen, the quality of the boar semen must first be assessed before the semen can be further processed to obtain high-quality semen. Before treating semen, choosing a method that can effectively screen semen is necessary to improve breeding performance on the farm. In the best case scenario, boar semen is evaluated before semen treatment to identify those inferior semen. For stored semen, the total number of active spermatozoa and the shape of the spermatozoa must be checked every day; this will ensure that semen used for artificial insemination is not contaminated. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe the method of assessing the quality of boar semen and to indicate which boar semen can enter the laboratory for further processing.
Second, the density
Four basic parameters should be tested when assessing the quality of boar semen: sperm density, vigor, shape, and acrosome integrity. Among them, the two basic parameters of sperm density and vigor are often used to select semen before semen treatment. The reason is that it takes the least amount of time to determine these two parameters and they can be used to calculate the dilution of the semen.
The determination of semen concentration or the total number of sperm is not only a component of the assessment of semen quality, but more importantly, it is used to monitor the health status and reproductive potential of boars; and it is also a major consideration in optimizing the genetic potential of individuals. Correctly assessing the quality of semen is not the only factor that increases the amount of ejaculation per boar and the efficiency of use of the barn. The purpose of the quality assessment of semen is to ensure that there are a sufficient number of viable sperm for artificial insemination.
Third, the vitality of sperm
The vitality of semen is an important aspect of semen assessment. A recent study showed that when sperm motility is less than 62.5% when evaluated and inseminated immediately after sperm retrieval (less than 24 h), the number of litter/litter rate will decline. However, since semen of commercial boars are rarely used within such a short period of time, the semen is generally treated before being transferred to the sow farm. After the semen is stored, its vigor will decrease. Therefore, when assessing boar semen, the minimum activity should be greater than 60%. Many boar stations have established screening criteria for sperm motility between 70 and 80%. The minimum activity of semen after laboratory treatment should be based on the planned storage time before use and the expected decrease in activity during this storage time. In addition, the breeding boar station must consider that the storage condition of the semen in the pig farm and the ability to handle the semen are poorer than that of the boar station. Considering the difference in semen transport between the boar station and the sow farm will help the boar station to select the initial viability acceptance level to ensure that the spermatozoa carrying the semen have a viability above 60.0%.
The method of visually estimating sperm motility by microscopy is the most widely used. Skills and experience have a certain influence on the accuracy of the results. In short, place a small dilution of semen on a warm slide (all dilutions of the semen must be standardized) and cover the coverslip. Diluting the sample to 400 times the objective lens is sufficient to observe all sperm cells, and the overall estimate comes from the observed sperm population. In this way, the experimenter should be trained first. This training first requires the experimenter to estimate the overall sperm motility, and then the experimenter uses a microscope to calculate the total number of sperm in 10 cells in 5 regions and the percentage of viable sperm to total sperm to verify total sperm motility.
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