Breeding robust organic strawberry seedlings is the basis for the high yield of organic strawberries. Strawberry breeding has four ways: propagation of stolons, propagation of tissue culture, propagation of new stems, and sowing of seeds. China's production mainly propagates seedlings by the method of propagation of stems and stems, and is increasingly combined with tissue culture. It uses tissue culture original seedlings as mother plants, and then propagates with field stems, which can be detoxified and rejuvenated to produce high-quality seedlings, and improve. Reproductive coefficient.
First, the stem propagation method
The propagation of stolons is the most common method of propagation in strawberry production. A new seedling can be formed by cutting off the seedlings formed on the stolons. The use of stump propagation is simple and easy to manage. The stolon can maintain the characteristics of the variety, and the root system is well developed and grows rapidly. It was planted in the autumn of that year, and the results can be blossomed in the winter or the second year.
Stumps usually begin at the late fruit setting stage, but vary depending on the variety, region, and cultivation method. The amount and frequency of seedling production of the stolons are mainly affected by the nutrition of the varieties, the low temperature accumulation of the plants and the nutritional conditions. The plants were exposed to more cold temperatures and the mother plants were robust, resulting in more shoots.
The stem propagation method is mainly carried out by using a special breeding nursery, and using the virus-free tissue culture seedlings or robust stem shoots as mother plants to produce expanded seedlings. The mother plant colonization period is mainly determined by the local temperature, after the local soil defrosting, the strawberry germination is best, generally in mid-March to late April, at this time the physiological activity of the strawberry seedlings is in the dormant phase from entering the germination period , did not enter the active period, when the survival rate of transplanting and high seedling coefficient. If tissue culture seedlings are used as mother plants, the time for colonization is slightly delayed. Do not use the seedlings grown in the greenhouse or in the greenhouse to grow the mother plants.
Depth of planting is appropriate to “not bury the roots, not to expose rootsâ€, and do not bury the seedlings too deeply to prevent the seedlings from rotting. Do not plant too lightly. If the new stems are exposed, the seedlings will be easily dried up.
After planting, pay attention to the management of the fertilized water of the mother plant. After the bud emergence, the mother plants should remove all the inflorescences, reduce the nutrient consumption, promote the vegetative growth of the plants, and save a large amount of stolons as early as possible. After the stems were pumped, the stems of the stems were evenly swept to the sides of the stems and pressed against the stems of the seedlings to promote the rooting of the seedlings at the joints. In order to ensure robust growth of F. oleifera seedlings, a typical parent strain can reproduce 30-50 strains of seedlings. Excess shoots and late-stage shoots should be removed in time.
Second, tissue culture and reproduction
The tissue culture of strawberry is mainly based on shoot tip explants. On the one hand, it can quickly reproduce a large number of new varieties in a short period of time and accelerate the promotion of cultivation. On the other hand, it can obtain strawberry virus-free seedlings, and can maintain the excellent traits of the varieties. The cultured seedlings of the parent plant as the mother plant grew more robustly and more frequently than the common planting seedlings in the field as the mother plant, and the reproductive progeny had strong growth potential and high yield. Mainly divided into disinfection and inoculation, subculture expansion, cutting and domestication, into the plug four steps, the specific operation here omitted.
Third, the new stem ramets breeding method
The new stem propagation method is to divide the old strain into several new rooted shoots, also known as the splitting method and the splitting method. For cultivars that do not produce stolons or have low germination capacity, variegated plants can be propagated. In addition, new stem propagation can be carried out on newly introduced plants due to insufficient number of plants. The propagation coefficient of the trifoliate reproduction is relatively low, and in general, only 3-4 nutrient vaccines that meet the cultivation standards can be obtained for the single-branch parent plant. There is no need for a special propagation garden for the propagation of the tributaries, but the wounds caused by the ramets are large, and they are susceptible to diseases, and management should be strengthened after planting.
Fourth, seed sow breeding
Seed propagation is sexual reproduction. Seedlings grown from seeds will have great variation. They are mainly used for scientific research and breeding of new varieties, and they cannot be used in production.
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