In the whole growth and development process of turmeric, there are three diseases (root rot, brown spot, soft rot) three insects (underground insects, aphids, ginger mites) and various grass pests, which directly threaten the normal growth of turmeric. It has a great influence on the yield and quality of turmeric.
I. Disease occurrence and prevention
1, root rot
1 According to field investigations, the use of land that is not fully decomposed with farmyard manure, excessive use of N fertilizer, continuous cropping, no soil, heavy soil, high groundwater level, the incidence of ginger field is biased. Under normal temperature and humidity conditions, the ginger seedlings were unearthed 7 to 10 days later. After emergence, it grows yellow, grows slowly, and has weak vigor. The roots of the hairy roots and the roots of the roots are dark brown, with no obvious primary roots and secondary roots.
2 Control methods: 20% root rot WP, or 40% carbendazim suspoemulsion 400 to 500 times per 667 square meters for proper sprinkler irrigation.
2, brown spot disease
1 The water and fertilizer are sufficient, the ginger seedlings grow too vigorously, the branches and leaves are traumatized by external factors, and the insect pests are many. The humidity in the field is more than 80%, which is likely to cause bacterial infection. In the early stage of the general condition, the leaves showed white spots. After the high temperature and heavy rain, the ginger leaves turned dark brown and contiguous.
2 Control methods: 70% chlorothalonil for every 667 square meters, or 70% methyl thiophanate for sterilization, 800 to 1000 times, 667 square meters of liquid medicine 100-150kg, early spraying, continuous spraying 2 times, the control effect is over 90%.
3, soft rot
1 The undulation of the burrowing or on-demand plots is more than 80%, more than 7 to 10 days; the field is closed for a long time, and the sunshine is less; the heavy clay encounters many days of rain and rain, etc. are all factors of soft rot. At the beginning of the disease, the ginger leaves turned yellow and gradually fell off and dried. The surface of the rhizome grew white hyphae, which penetrated from the outside to the inside. After breaking, there was yellow pus leaching; the rhizome gradually weakened, and finally all turned yellowish brown. The disease is the main disease affecting the yield of turmeric in the mountainous area, the quality is deteriorated, and the yield reduction is generally above 20%.
2 Control methods: mainly rely on drainage and water control, and strengthen field management. At the same time, it is assisted by spraying fulvic acid salt or 40% sulfur suspoemulsion 400-500 times.
Second, pest occurrence and prevention
1. The occurrence of underground pests and prevention and control of hills and hills in the hills and loess soils are dominated by alfalfa. The loam along the river and the sandy loam soil are mainly caused by small tigers and golden worms.
Control method: When the newly replanted Jiangtian was planted in the early spring, the chemical soil treatment was carried out on time. Winter planting and the second year of Jiangtian early spring before the mid-cultivation, spraying drugs. The method comprises the following steps: 667 square meters with 20% methyl enemies 1.5 to 2 kg mixed fine soil 30 to 40 kg after application, cultivating fine mash, or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, or 90% crystalline trichlorfon according to 1000 to 1500 times, each 667 square meters sprayed liquid 100-150kg, for root irrigation or bait trapping and prevention.
2, the occurrence of aphids, ginger worms and drought control, spotted aphids and ginger mites harm the tender heart and young leaves, so that the ginger vines form a headless, or the young leaves curled unevenly, and the lack of edges Tree, photosynthesis is suppressed. The locust control can be used for mites, and the ginger scorpion can be used once for the enemy worm light. Each 667 square meters of medicine is used for 100g, and 40~50kg of water is added respectively. The leaf surface is evenly sprayed, and the control effect is over 95%.
Third, grass damage control technology
Controlling grass damage in Jiangtian is one of the key measures to promote the rapid growth of ginger seedlings and reduce the pests and diseases. In terms of prevention and control, it is mainly divided into two stages, spring and summer.
1 Artificial weeding: The germination of turmeric is weak, the branches are small, the shade is light, and the planting must be standardized, which is conducive to early cultivating and digging.
2 Ground grass covering grass prevention: The ginger planting land that was left in the year, before and after entering the winter into the nine, it is necessary to plow in the fine and plowing in time. It is also one of the methods to control the occurrence of weeds after the sowing into the winter ground and timely covering the grass or covering the wheat crucible 10cm.
3 Early fertilization: In the second half of February, the application of ammonium sulfate 30-40 kg can not only exert fertilizer efficiency, but also control diseases and insect pests.
4 For the ginger field with more perennial weeds, use glyphosate from 1000 to 1200 times from mid-February to early March. When the early low temperature is used, the wind will be sprayed back against the surface of the ground. The second medication from late May to mid-June, every 667 square meters with 1.5% grass can be powdered with 100g of water plus 40 ~ 50kg spray control.
5 For the first-year broad-leaved weeds, the first time with 2 to 4 chlorine 0.4kg and 40% herbicide 0.1kg mixed with water 75 ~ 100kg fine spray ground, do not leak spray and re-spray. In order to avoid phytotoxicity. The second 667 square meters were treated with Jinghecao 100g plus water 40~50kg or ginger grass.
Fourth, matters needing attention
1, the two-year weeding should be sooner rather than later, too late to prevent poor effects, affecting ginger seedlings.
2. When spraying liquid, it must be sprayed back to avoid damage to the surface protective layer of liquid medicine.
3. For the thatched field, use the special medicine for thatch and spray according to the instructions.
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