First, the cultivator membrane rupture soil
Our province's cotton area is mostly covered with plastic film covering cotton. The plastic film has the effect of warming and protecting the weeds and inhibiting weeds. It is an effective measure to ensure the complete seedlings of cotton and promote the early growth of strong seedlings. However, after entering the bud stage, the beneficial effect of the plastic film is lost. The timely removal of the plastic film has the effect of promoting the roots under the bar, and enhancing the ability of the cotton to resist drought and decay. The film should be removed as soon as possible, and at the same time, the weeds should be removed in combination with the cultivator to prevent the weeds from lodging. After the end of July, the cultivator should be shallow during the boll period, generally 3cm to 5cm, so as not to damage the roots, leading to premature aging. In order to maintain the vitality of the root system, timely and shallow cultivators are recommended after rain or after watering.
Second, pruning top trimming cotton
After cotton budding, it is necessary to consider whether to remove the leafy branches: when the density is low (less than 2,000 plants/mu), promote the reservation of leaf branches and ring through the branches of the leaves to contribute part of the yield; when the medium density (3000 to 4500 plants/mu), The pruning can be simplified, and the “branch trousers†can be promptly taken after the appearance of the first fruit branch, and all the leafy branches and main stems and leaves below the first fruit branch are removed; in the high density cultivation (greater than 5000/mu), the leafy branches are weak, and no pruning is required.
To uphold the principle of "When the branch is not equal, when it is not equal to the branch". Density 3000-4000/mu, single fruit branch reach 14 to 15 can be topping, per mu density 5000 to 6000, single fruit branch reach 12 to 13 can be topping; the southwest of garlic hybrid cotton, density 1800 to 2500 plants/mu, and 15 to 17 fruit trees per plant. Normally, the cotton field should be topping before July 15th and it should be completed before July 20th.
Three, watering and fertilizing
Buds do not advocate top-dressing, conditional conditions can be applied according to a small amount of fine organic fertilizer; poor fertility weak cotton fields, can be applied as appropriate a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer. As the cotton enters the boll season, the demand for fertilizer gradually increases, and it is necessary to re-apply the available nitrogen fertilizer as the flower bell fertilizer. For the general cotton field, it can be applied within five days after flowering; for the weak growing or thinning land, it can be seen as flowering and applying the top dressing in late July; the top dressing of the cotton field is visible. Top dressing should be deep in the line. In the case of long-term drought of cotton buds, it is easy to form small old seedlings to reduce production, and in case of drought, small water can be poured into the gutters to prevent excessive watering and cause prolonged growth.
Fourth, timely chemical regulation
Use shrinkage chemistry to control cotton growth. Under normal circumstances, it can be used before flowering in late June, and will be sprayed once each month in July, mid-to-late, and later according to circumstances. The amount of budding period is controlled at 0.5-1.0 g/mu, the initial flowering period is controlled at 1.5-2.0 g/mu, and it is controlled 7-10 days after topping and the dosage is 4.0-5.0 g/mu. For excessively prosperous cotton fields, early application and appropriate increase in the amount of use, when the application of shrinkage, adhere to the principle of a small number of times. To prevent excessive control and affect production.
V. Strengthening pest control
Blind stinkbugs, cotton thrips, cotton aphids, cotton red spiders, cotton bollworms and other pests are the main insect pests in cotton buds. They focus on the top of the main stems, buds, and flowers of cotton, resulting in a large number of shedding of flower bells, which ultimately leads to reduced yields. It is necessary to pay attention to timely monitoring, and timely prevention and control should be implemented once the prevention and control indicators are reached. The control index of cotton fuze is 150-200 larvae of the upper, middle and lower trifoliate per plant. Generally, the second generation of cotton bollworm does not need to be controlled. The control index is 100 larvae with more than 3 instar larvae. Prevention and treatment of Heliothis armigera can be used pyrethroid pesticides and phoxim and chrysanthemum pesticide compound preparations, A-dimensional salt and other sprays, can be concurrent treatment of cotton aphid; control of cotton blind aphid, cotton thrips and aphids can use acetamiprid, imidacloprid, Nitenpyram and other spray prevention and treatment; use wolfberry special, bismuth spirit, a peacekeeping salt and other cotton red spider and cotton aphid. Cotton field medicine to prevent pests and diseases should pay attention to the instructions given in the dilution ratio of water spray, to overcome the blind multi-drug less water spray unevenly impervious phenomenon. At the same time pay attention to the alternating use of pesticides, do a good job of safety protection, to prevent the occurrence of poisoning accidents.
VI. Machine-picking cotton demonstration field management
In recent years, the demonstration area for cotton picking by the Yellow River has been continuously expanding. Since machine-picked cotton is planted at a high density of about 6000 plants/mu, it is necessary to adopt the strategy of “close planting of dense tubesâ€. One has to play early and the fruit sticks reach 10 to 12 to be played. The time is from early July to July 15. Second, we must strengthen chemical control, start from the buds and control, in accordance with the principle of light before heavy, a small number of times, every 10 days or so spraying contraction security once, control the plant height does not exceed 120 cm. The third is to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer. In early July, topdressing 10 kg of urea/mu, and then no longer top-dressing.
Seventh, post-disaster management of cotton
The following measures should be taken into account in the management of calamity cotton: First, assault cropland loose soil: increase soil aeration, increase ground temperature, and promote new root growth; Second, topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer: 5 to 7 days after the disaster, when the cotton plant grows After the emergence of new shoots, we must promptly apply the available nitrogen fertilizer in order to improve the nutritional conditions of the disaster-damaging cotton plants and promote the recovery of cotton as soon as possible. Third, reasonable pruning and repairing of cotton: For the undamaged cotton, timely remove excess axillary buds and Branches of the leaves retain normal growth of the terminal buds; for the damaged cotton at the top of the head, one or two large buds can be selected for the growth of the top buds after the sprouts are emitted at the top; fourth is the timely control of the pests: the sprouts should pay close attention to the cotton after they grow. The occurrence and harm of earthworms are done in a timely manner. The fifth is timely adjustment. Once the disaster recovery cotton grows up, the process is very fast. In order to prevent pigsickness, we can control it in the flowering period.
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