Corn is one of the three major food crops in China and a major field crop. Therefore, high-yield corn cultivation techniques have always been the direction of research in agricultural work. Today, Xiaobian introduces a high-yield cultivation method for corn.
1 Prepare for cultivation
1.1 Land selection and site preparation
The excellent growth environment is an important basis and guarantee for the high yield and high quality of corn. Because of the strong adaptability of corn, the requirements for the external environment are not very strict, so there are many areas suitable for planting corn. However, in order to improve the yield and quality of the corn, it is necessary to select the soil with flat land, good permeability, loose soil and deep soil layer in the cultivation process. At the same time, land preparation should be carried out. In order to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and the impact of heavy cropping on corn yield, it is necessary to rationally design the corn planting plan, reduce the area of ​​heavy planting for many years, and rationally allocate land. In addition, the nutrients of the land must be sufficient. If the nutrition of the soil does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to apply the base fertilizer and deep-turn it. Generally, it should be 15~20cm deep.
1.2 Selection and processing
The quality of corn seeds directly determines the yield and quality of corn. In the process of corn cultivation, the selection of corn seeds should be carried out, and three basic principles should be grasped. First, it is necessary to select good quality, high yield, strong resistance, and adaptation. Sexually wide varieties, and choose seeds that are full, tidy, non-injurious, disease-free, and have high purity accuracy. Second, the seeds should be reasonably selected according to the actual conditions of the local soil. The main corn variety I promoted is Xianyu 335, which has many advantages, such as high yield and stability, strong lodging resistance, wide adaptability, moderate maturity and reasonable plant type. After the seed is selected, it should be treated in time to increase the germination rate of the corn. First, remove the bad seeds such as mold and residue to maintain the purity and root bud rate of the seeds. For the corn seeds without pesticides, seed dressing should be carried out to control the cockroaches.蛴螬, 蛴螬, and other underground pests, corn smut, stem rot and other diseases of the disease to prevent pests and diseases, usually 1kg seed dressing and 50kg seeds mixed, can achieve a good preventive effect.
2 seeding management
2.1 Determine the sowing time
The timing of corn planting is critical. Generally speaking, seeding can be started when the temperature in the soil is maintained at around 11 °C at a depth of 5 to 10 cm. Due to climatic conditions, the sowing time is slightly different. For Xianyu 335, the general sowing time is from the end of April to the beginning of May, and the sowing depth is 3~4cm. In order to prevent premature interplanting, the symbiotic period of corn and wheat should not exceed 7 days, and it can be broadcast live after wheat.
2.2 Reasonable close planting
Reasonable planting degree is the most effective stimulation measure for corn production. There are three main factors affecting planting density: one is the variety characteristics, and different varieties should adopt different planting densities. Taking Xinjiang as an example, due to local climatic conditions, it is advisable to plant 3,000 to 3,500 corn per acre. The second is the influence of topographical conditions. The areas with sufficient solar illumination are suitable for close planting. The light in Xinjiang is very abundant. Therefore, the planting density can be increased and the yield can be increased, but the density should not be too high. The third is the influence of soil water and fertilizer conditions, high water and fertilizer soil should be thin, low water and fertilizer soil should be dense. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the variety, the reasonable planting density can be determined, so that the number of panicles per ear, the number of grains per panicle, and the grain weight can form a coordinated group structure, and the group can increase the yield.
3 Water and fertilizer weed management
3.1 Full irrigation
Corn has a large demand for water. As corn grows, its ability to resist drought is getting worse and worse, and scientific and rational irrigation must be carried out throughout the development period. Especially in the period of the big bell, it is necessary to carry out sufficient irrigation to prevent the problem of corn abundance and grain loss due to lack of water during the big bell period. In the cultivation process, it is necessary to pay attention to two waterings. One time in the big bell mouth period, once in the filling stage, these two periods must ensure sufficient water. Once the drought occurs, it is necessary to replenish water in time. In addition, in the cultivation process, watering can be supplemented according to the actual situation of the corn field.
3.2 Timely fertilization
In the process of fertilization of corn, organic fertilizer should be mixed with chemical fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. At the same time, attention should be paid to various trace elements, such as rational allocation of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and other fertilizers to ensure corn growth. The trace elements in the process are satisfied. At the same time, we must pay attention to the ratio between the base fertilizer and the topdressing, and improve the scientific and rationality of the fertilization work, so that the nutrients in the corn growth process are satisfied. Different fertilizers should be applied in different growth periods, and stratified application should be carried out on foliar fertilizers and flower fertilizers.
Fertilizer application: high-yield cultivation of summer maize, field application of base fertilizer: 1 bag of organic fertilizer. The bottom application of 28-6-6 compound fertilizer 40 kg. The topdressing is carried out twice. The first is to apply urea 15~20 kg in the big bell period. For the high-yield research on Guantian, the second is that the topdressing of the roots during flowering is very important, and it can be combined with fertilization every time watering, and the yield is significantly increased. (Specific fertilization time is combined with local actual conditions).
3.3 emasculation and artificial assisted pollination
When the corn has just been squirmed, the interlaced or detached strain can increase the yield by 5% to 8%. In the case of corn pollination during the pollination period, artificially assisted pollination can be carried out in the case of cloudy days, rainy days and high temperatures.
3.4 Regular weeding
Weeds will appear during corn planting. It is necessary to strengthen the removal of weeds. Combining weeding with cultivating can achieve good results. When selecting herbicides, choose safe, economical and efficient herbicides according to local conditions to prevent the effects on corn seedlings and avoid spraying herbicides on rainy days.
4 Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases.
4.1 Seedling stage
(1) Early sowing of corn fields, in the 2-3 leaf stage, pay attention to the control of corn mites, gray planthoppers, thrips and other seedling pests to prevent corn rough disease.
(2) At the second point of the larvae, the larvae were re-emerged in the larvae at the age of 2, and the scented wheat bran was used for 3 kg per acre, and the appropriate amount of water plus 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate 500g was mixed into a poison bait. around.
(3) Large bell mouth period: focus on prevention and control of corn borer.
4.2 Heading period
Control corn borers and leafhoppers.
The above is the corn high-yield cultivation technology. The quality of corn seeds directly determines the yield and quality of corn. In the process of corn cultivation, in order to produce high yield, the corn seed should be selected first. Secondly, strengthen the field management of corn, and finally do a good job in controlling pests and diseases of corn.
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