At present, the planting prospects of camphor are getting better and better. Many farmers have started to grow their own camphors. So many farmers have recently asked how to cultivate the camphor. What are the main points of the cultivation techniques of camphor? Let's take a look at the Xiaobian.com below.
1 Biological characteristics of camphor
1.1 Morphological characteristics
Toona sinensis is a perennial deciduous tree with a tree height of 3 to 7 m and a maximum of more than 10 m.
1.2 Biological habits
It is suitable for cultivation in areas with an average temperature of 10~15 °C, and the cold resistance is increased with the increase of seedling age. 1-year-old seedlings seeded with seeds may be frozen at -10 °C. The citron is light, more resistant to moisture, and is suitable for growing in the fertile and moist soil around the river and in the house.
1.3 varieties
There are many varieties of camphor, and according to the different colors of the first sprouts and cotyledons of the camphor, they can be basically divided into two categories: purple camphor and green camphor. There are black oil scorpion, red oil scorpion, Jiaozuo red scented scorpion, and western sable sable. They are green scented scorpions, such as green oil scorpion and yellow snail umbrella. Different varieties and characteristics of toona sinensis are different. The common canopy of the purple scented scent is relatively open, the first bud is purple-red, shiny, rich in flavor, less fiber, and contains more oil; green citron, the crown is upright, and contains less oil.
2 breeding and nursery
2.1 sowing and breeding
Because the germination rate of the seeds of the citronella is low, the seeds of the citron are soaked in warm water of 30-35 ° C for 24 h before sowing, and then picked up and placed at 25 ° C for germination. When the radicle is exposed to the size of the rice grain, the soil temperature at the time of sowing is at least 5 °C. After the emergence of the camphor, when there are 2~3 true leaves, the seedlings are planted, and when there are 4~5 true leaves, the seedlings are 25cm×15cm.
2.2 ramets reproduction
One method is to excavate the root seedlings of the adult plants in the early spring and plant them on the seedlings. When the seedlings grow to about 2m in the next year, they will be planted again. Another method is to use the root-breaking method, in the late winter and early spring, around the trees. Dig a 60cm deep circular groove, cut off some of the lateral roots, and then fill the ditch.
3 planting
3.1 General planting
After the scented saplings are bred, they are planted before germination in early spring. Large-scale construction of the camphor garden, line spacing 7m × 5m, planted in the river canal, behind the house are single-row, plant spacing 5m. Watering should be done 2~3 times after planting to increase the survival rate.
3.2 dwarf dense planting
This is a cultivation method developed in recent years. The seedling raising method is the same as that of the ordinary planting and seedling raising method, but differs in planting density and tree type pruning, and is generally 600 plants/667 m2. The tree type can be divided into: (1) multi-layer type: when the seedling height is up to 2m, the top is removed, and the lateral buds are germinated to form three layers of backbone branches. The first layer is 70cm from the ground and the second layer is 60cm from the first layer. The third layer is 40 cm from the second layer. This multi-layered trunk has a high degree of wooding and a stable yield. (2) Cluster type: When the seedling height is 1m, the top is slightly removed, and the new hair branch is left. Only the young leaves are not used for the top buds. When the branches are 20~30cm long, the head is removed. The characteristics are that the trunk is shorter and the main branches are shorter. many.
4 Management Technology
4.1 General management
Usually cultivated camphor, field management is relatively extensive, but in order to make it grow fast, high yield, but also pay attention to fertilizer and pest control work. If the weather is dry, it should be watered in time, and the soil should be ploughed every year. It is best to plant green manure in the line, May.
Turn over the soil or pour the human waste. Insect pests include camphor caterpillars, cloud beetles, grass-like scale insects, etc., which can be controlled by pesticides such as stalk-killing bacteria; the disease has leaf rust, powdery mildew, etc., and can be controlled by Bordeaux mixture, stone sulphur mixture and the like.
4.2 Dwarf close planting management
4.2.1 Temperature regulation
The temperature of the shed is about 25 °C, and the buds can grow 3~4cm in 24h; in the case of 15°C, it is only 1cm long; when the shed temperature exceeds 35°C, it affects the coloration and quality of axillary buds. 10~15d after the film is in the slow seedling period, the temperature should be increased, and the shed temperature can be around 30 °C during the day. After more than one month of natural light temperature accumulation, after germination, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25~30°C, the nighttime control is at 13~17°C, and the temperature during picking is 18~25°C, depending on the situation, The paper is heated or kept warm.
4.2.2 Humidity adjustment
The seedlings in the greenhouse have poor water absorption capacity. In the initial stage, it is necessary to maintain high soil moisture and air humidity. After planting, water should be poured, and then water should be poured as appropriate. The relative humidity of the air is kept above 85%, and the seedlings should be sprayed with water on a sunny day to prevent the water from drying out. After germination, the relative humidity of the air is 70%, the humidity is too large, not only the germination is slow, but the fragrance is greatly reduced, and the wind should be released in time.
4.2.3 Lighting adjustment
Xiangxi higuang, should try to use no drip film, uncover the grasshopper in the daytime, often clean the film on the debris to increase the light, if the light is too strong, you can cover the grass shade.
5 picking
Commonly cultivated and dwarf densely planted camphor, usually sprouted before the Qingming period, and the top buds can be picked before and after the rain. The buds of the fragrant buds are about 20cm long, and the color begins to be harvested when the color turns reddish brown. When harvesting, use scissors to cut or fast-cut the bud head. Do not rub it with your hands to prevent damage to the buds and trees. The newly planted citron will be collected up to 2 times. After 3 years, it can be collected 2~3 times a year, and the output will increase accordingly. The buds should be carried out in the morning and evening. After the buds are harvested, they should be bundled. Generally, each bundle is 50~100g, and it is sealed in a plastic bag to prevent water loss.
The above is the whole content of the cultivation technology of camphor, welcome farmers who need to come to Huinong.com, and also recommend Huinong to more people in need!
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