"Fertilization in autumn is gold, and fertilization in winter is silver", which is often the old saying. For perennial crops such as fruit trees, there is indeed a lot of truth in it.
Why does the soil need to be "supplemented" in winter? For perennial crops such as fruit trees, the growth of shoots, the growth of leaves, and the harvest of fruits consume a lot of nutrients, and later growth requires a lot of nutrients to support it. Some of these nutrients come from the soil, while others come from the top-dressing. The autumn and winter seasons are the periods with the lowest nutrient concentrations in the crop and soil. Therefore, supplementing nutrients during this period has high absorption and utilization.
In addition, the nutrients needed for the second year of perennial crops need to be stored in autumn and winter. The storage nutrient of the tree is the most critical nutrient for perennial crops in the coming year.
Winter fertilization should adhere to the principles of early, full, and deep. Fertilize early in winter. Mainly to solve two problems, on the one hand is to quickly add nutrients consumed in the year, while absorbing enough nutrients to meet the growth needs of the coming year; the other is the early fertilization of high soil temperature, high microbial activity, fertilizer application rate is high.
Winter fertilizer should be sufficient. The amount of fertilizer used in winter not only requires a large quantity, but also a full range. A large number of elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium promote high-yield, middle and trace element fertilizers to improve quality and reduce physiological diseases, farmyard fertilization soil and improve fruit quality, microbial fertilizers to improve and purify the rhizosphere environment to improve root activity. It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of various fertilizers, avoid weaknesses, and achieve fruit quality and high yield, healthy fertility of the soil, and prolonged fruitful periods.
Winter fertilization should be deep. Because most fruit trees are deep-rooted plants, which absorb the roots in the vertical direction and have a layered distribution pattern, the concentrated distribution layers of the roots of fruit trees such as apples and pears are generally 20 to 80 cm in soil layer, and peaches, apricots, plums, and cherries. Such as stone fruit is 20 to 40 cm soil layer, which requires us to apply 80% of the fertilizer in the absorption of dense root area.
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