Ensure sufficient nutrition to increase milk production
Some farmers have extremely extensive feeding and management of dairy cows. Instead of formulating the proportion of diets according to the nutritional needs of dairy cows, there are quail feedings. The roughage is mainly corn stalks, wheat straw, rice straw, and leaves. The concentrates are mainly bean cakes and bran. , cornmeal, do not pay attention to the addition of vitamins and mineral additives, do not pay attention to the supply of vitamins A, D, E, etc., and some do not even add calcium powder, resulting in a serious lack of nutritional cows, dairy cows often cause milk production, not estrus Infrequent diseases such as infertility and incomplete birth-resistance caused a decrease in milk yield, a decrease in milk fat percentage, a shortened life span of dairy cows, an increase in the rate of dead-fishing, and heavy economic losses. Therefore, forage feed should be diversified as much as possible. Do not forget to add a certain amount of trace element additives. Good palatability, complete nutrition, to meet the needs of dairy production. At the same time, attention should be paid to adding appropriate amounts of vitamins, trace elements, and minerals. It is best to use special premixed feed for cows.
Appropriate concentrates to prevent cow obesity
Some people think that cows are obese and produce more milk, so as much as possible to feed concentrates, often resulting in over-fat dairy cows. At the same time, due to excessive feeding of concentrate, it is easy to cause ruminal weakening, pre-gastric relaxation and acidosis in dairy cows. If there are too many high-protein, high-fat concentrates, and roughage is insufficient, fat metabolism in dairy cows can also be easily induced. After the development of ketosis, acidosis can easily lead to death of dairy cows. Therefore, it is best to keep the cows in production at 70% to 80%, and farmers should feed them according to the characteristics of cows at different physiological stages. General dry milk should be grass-based grass, feeding silage 6 kg -8 kg, the amount of concentrate feed should be controlled according to the quality of roughage in the 2.5 kg -3.5 kg, to prevent the cow over fat and fat. Prenatal 2 weeks to 3 weeks, gradually increase the fine material, increase about 0.5 kilograms per day, reaching 7 kilograms and maintain until calving. Do not feed immediately after the first week of the postpartum period. After one week, increase the amount of 0.5 kg to 0.8 kg of fine material per day until the amount of normal concentrate is reached (2.5 kg/head per day for maintenance feed, and 3 kg for milk production per feed)1 Kg fine material). Post-harvest roughage is mainly based on legumes, and feeding root tubers, dregs and silage should be avoided as little as possible within two weeks after delivery to avoid causing indigestion; two weeks later, suitable amounts can be fed as required, but the daily feed amount of silage should not exceed 20 kilograms, bad residue type must not exceed 10 kilograms, root tubers should not exceed 6 kilograms, hay can be eaten at will. After 5 months of calving during lactation, the milk production of most dairy cows began to decline. The amount of concentrate should be adjusted in time according to the amount of lactation.
Finely regulated fodder to promote digestion and absorption
As the saying goes, “The three blades of the grass are the same.†This does not mean that the shorter the forage grass is, the better. If it is too short, it will not be conducive to rumination and digestion. The corn stalks are generally chopped to 2 cm to 3 cm in length, preferably made of silage. Some breeders are greedy and uncomfortable with supplementary feed concentrates. Feeding directly with unprocessed corn or wheat results in unbalanced nutritional intake of dairy cows, virtually increasing feed costs. Some farmers will finely crushed the fine material, under normal circumstances fine material diameter of 1 mm to 2 mm is appropriate, equivalent to 1/8-1/6 of the whole corn. Crushing too fine is also not conducive to digestion and absorption, resulting in “overfeeding†and a large amount of undigested fine material can be seen in the feces. Some farmers have soaked the concentrate for a long time and think that the softening of the concentrate makes the cow easily digested and absorbed. It is not known that the nutrients are destroyed after prolonged immersion in the concentrate, and the rancidity of the feed is caused by the proliferation of bacteria. After the cows have eaten, they are in the rumen. The environment is destroyed and the digestive function is disturbed, which affects the health of dairy cows. The right way is to feed dry powder or mix it before feeding.
Dry milk supplemented feed is beneficial for fetuses and protects the nursing cows through the calving of the calving pupa. The body has more nutrient losses, plus more nutrients such as pregnancy and embryonic development. The dry milk period should be properly supplemented with the concentrate according to the body condition of the dairy cow to satisfy the cows. The physiological needs. However, some farmers believe that when they do not milk, they do not need to feed concentrates or feed less concentrates, so the amount of concentrates is drastically reduced. As a result, cows are poorly fed before delivery, and production is time-consuming and even difficult to produce. The bovine physique is weak, and cows produce less milk. Therefore, in addition to just a few days after the dry milk and the first few days before the onset of milk production, the dairy cows should appropriately reduce the amount of concentrate feed, and the amount of concentrate feed during the dry period should account for 0.8%-0.9% of the cow's body weight to ensure that the cows maintain a normal body condition.
Feeding cattle using a feeding trough to save forage fodder
When cattle-raising households feed their dairy cows, most of them do not have a feeding trough. Instead, they directly feed the forage grass to the ground for the cows to eat. Some only use baskets or alfalfa tossing grass and are often tossed by the tops of cattle, which not only causes large amounts of forage grass. Being trampled by cattle is a waste, but it also brings some dirt and germs. Dairy cows can easily cause gastrointestinal diseases or infectious diseases after eating. Therefore, it is recommended that when raising cows outside the house, the cattle-raising households should also set stone troughs, wooden troughs or cement troughs at the calves, place the grass in the troughs for the cattle to eat, and remove the disease from the mouth. In addition, the daily feeding times of dairy cows are generally the same as those of milking. If you squeeze your milk twice a day, you will squeeze it every 12 hours. Usually before the milk is squeezed, give the cows a small amount of hay to eat, then feed the juicy feed, and finally feed the concentrate and hay.
Of course, the supply of water is also crucial during the dairy farming process, and sufficient clean drinking water should be provided. Normal cows can drink no less than 3 times a day, and winter should be fed warm water with a water temperature of not less than 8°C. However, in order to achieve the purpose of allowing dairy cows to drink plenty of water and produce more milk, individual cattle farmers in the production actually added 3% to 4% of salt in the feed. They did not know that this could easily cause salt poisoning in dairy cows, even if they were not poisoned. Increase the burden on the cow's kidneys. Although the amount of milk produced after over-feeding salt is slightly increased, the corresponding milk fat rate will decrease, and the result is worthless. In production, the salt content in the concentrates of dairy cows should be controlled at 0.7%-0.8%. If there is a shortage of salt feed, a food trough can be set up in the sports ground and salt or smashing bricks can be placed for the dairy cows to feed freely.
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