At present, it is the sowing and transplanting period for Chinese cabbage and other autumn cruciferous vegetables. In order to increase the yield, enhance the quality, and improve the quality and safety of vegetables, strict prevention and treatment of virus diseases, soft rot, and downy mildew should be conducted from the seedling stage. "Three diseases" and "three insects" such as Spodoptera exigua, yellow striped hop, cabbage butterfly and so on. Today, this edition was selected to compile relevant manuscripts to awaken the peasant friends who planted Chinese cabbage.
Hunan Yishan Heshan District Vegetable Bureau Wang Dixuan
Judging from past field surveys, viral disease, soft rot, and downy mildew of Chinese cabbages and other autumn cruciferous vegetables have occurred to varying degrees, and even severely damaged gardens, Spodoptera exigua, yellow song strips, etc. Injuries caused by insect pests have aggravated the occurrence and development of diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control from the seedling stage and use the correct medicine. During the high temperature season, we must also pay attention to the prevention of the occurrence of phytotoxicity.
Three major diseases
Viral disease, also known as cabbage cramps, goiter. To prevent and treat viral diseases, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in the fields so that “three waters will be established and five waters will be establishedâ€. To meet the need for water when the Chinese cabbage emerges, it is more important to reduce the temperature and prevent the occurrence of diseases. Apply sufficient manure as a base fertilizer and cultivate organic fertilizer used in Chinese cabbage. Must be rotted before use. Never use raw manure. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were added, fertilizers were applied in time, nitrogen fertilizers were applied in small quantities, and a 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 7-8 days.
Potassium permanganate can be sprayed 1000 times at the seedling stage, or 0.5% moroxydine hydrochloride wettable powder 200 times, once every 8-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times. Before onset or early onset, use 20% hydrochloric acid morpholinium copper wettable powder 500 times, or 5% bacteria poison water 300-400 times, 0.5% mushroom proteoglycan water 300 times, 10% Fatty acid 100 times liquid, 0.5% lentinan liquid 300 times, 1.5% Phytophorelle emulsion 800-1000 times, 31% morpholinium ribavirin soluble powder 800-1000 times, 2% Nanning 500 times liquid agent such as water spray, to passivate the virus, to prevent spread, usually spray every 7 days, even spray 3-4 times. After planting, plant growth nutrient solution can be sprayed (Tianda 2116) 1000 times liquid agent + 20% hydrochloric acid moroxydine suspension agent 1000 times, or 7.5% gram aqueous agent 1000 times, 0.5% mushroom protein Saccharifying agent 300 times and other spray control, once every 10 days, continuous control 3-4 times.
Soft rot, also known as rotten roaches, rotten gourds, water rotten, rot disease, take off.
Organic vegetables can be used in the cabbage seedling stage or early stage, with Fengling soluble powder 150 grams, add water, 50 kg, in the cabbage root watered liquid. Or when watering, add 1% bosonin water with water, 1-2 kg per mu. At the early stage of disease, 72% of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 3000-4000 times solution, or 3000-4000 times of neomycin-containing soluble powder, 200 times of 1% encephalin aqueous solution, etc. can be used for spraying control, every 10 days. Spray once and spray 3-4 times. When the disease just occurred, we sprayed wet with water and then applied hay ash. When spraying, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be blended with 200 grams per mu. The soft rot pathogenic bacteria prefers alkaline environment, and can add 500-800 ml vinegar per acre when it is controlled, which will help improve the disease resistance of plants.
Non-polluted vegetables can be used to irrigate roots and enter the ball stage. At this time, as long as the yellow-brown spots appear on the leaves, drug control should be adopted. Irrigation can be done with 70% sulfoxide sodium WP 800-1000 times, each irrigation. The root 500 ml liquid was irrigated every 7-10 days, and it was even poured 2-3 times. Can also be used 50% Daisin ammonium water 1000 times, or 60% aluminum sulphonate aluminum wettable powder 500-600 times, 40% Bacilli 1 tablets (0.5 g) add 4 kilograms of water, antibacterial agent "401" 500 Such as spray control of liquid spray, so that sprinkler irrigation combination, focus on soft rot disease strains and the vegetable surface around the vegetable stem or petiole, so that liquid medicine flow into the cabbage heart, the effect is better. The use of sodium propionate sodium and urea to control Chinese cabbage soft rot disease, the effect is very good, the specific approach is: in the initial stage of the disease or the late period of Chinese cabbage rosette to the beginning of the ball, with 1-2 kg of urea plus sodium propionate powder, With 100 kg water dripping, once a day for 10 days, even irrigation 2-3 times, each with 1500 kg of liquid per acre, disease prevention effect of more than 95%.
Downy mildew, also known as race horse dry, frost leaf disease, branches, white mold, leading disease.
The disease can occur at the seedling stage and the adult plant stage. The onset was fierce and spread rapidly. It was one of the three major diseases of Chinese cabbage.
Organic vegetables can be sprayed with 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibacterial agent 200 times before onset (in the cotyledon stage and mid- and late-balloon stages), sprayed once every 7 days, and sprayed 2-3 times. Or with bio-preventive preparation 150 million live spores / gram of Trichoderma WP 267 g per mu watered 50 liters spray, spray once every 5-7 days.
Non-polluted vegetables are generally controlled during the seedling stage, late rosette stage, and early ball stage of Chinese cabbage, and 80% or 90% triethylphosphonate wettable powder 500 times can be used, and 70% triethyl aluminum phosphonate manganese zinc wettability can be used. Powder 400 times, 50% metalaxyl WP 500-1000 times spray control. When the disease is severe or when a central diseased plant occurs, 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder can be used 600 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid, 64% oxaprozin wettable powder 500 times liquid , 58% Metalaxyl Manganese Zinc Wettable Powder 500x, 78% Wave Manganese Zinc Wettable Powder 600x Liquid, 150 Million Live Spores/Trichoderma Pellet Wettable Powder 200-300 Times, 72.2% Formycin Wei Water 800 times liquid, 68% refined metalaxyl MnZn wettable powder 1000 times, 52.5% oxaclofenac cream urea cyanide water dispersible granules 2000-3000 times, 25% chlorenone EC 1000 times, 70% Propion Zinc wettable powder 700 times liquid and other agents spray control, once every 7-10 days, continuous control 2-3 times.
Three pests
Nocturnal insect pests, mainly Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua, are the most severely affected each year from July to September.
Organic vegetables mainly perform field management and adopt physical and biological control methods. According to the characteristics that the eggs are produced in the bifurcation of the leaves and the clusters of newly hatched larvae in the back of the leaves, the removal of egg masses and larval clusters in farm operations can deeply reduce or destroy the densities of the larvae. The use of frequency-type insecticidal lamp traps, each lamp can effectively control about 30 acres. Or use sweet and sour sauce traps, sugar, vinegar, wine, water ratio of 6:3:1:10, then add a small amount of trichlorfon, pot position slightly higher than the top of the plant, the basin should be set above the rain cover, The pots should be placed in the evening and recovered the next morning. After removing the dead insects, they should be covered and ready for use in the evening. In the plastic large, medium and small shed skeletons covering about 25 mesh size insect nets.
Non-polluted vegetables should be caught in the pre-diffusion period of 1-2 instar larvae. When field inspections revealed that there were more than 20 newly hatched larvae in 100 plants, they should be controlled as soon as possible for the aggregation centers (ie where the victim leaves are concentrated) and the surrounding plants. Fluorourafil 2,000 times 5% solution, 5% 5% urea solution, 1500 times solution of 15% indoxacarb suspension, 1000-1500 times solution of 10% pyriponitrile suspension, 5% fluorine Pyridine urea EC 1000 times spray control. 7 days or so, two or three consecutive times. The amount of water should be sufficient when spraying, and the base and the ground must be sprayed. Pharmacy should be used for rotation.
The Yellow Stripe is a serious problem in September-November. The prevention and treatment of flea beetle should be based on agricultural, physical and biological methods, supplemented with chemical agents. And according to the law of the occurrence and development of pests, timely medication, pay attention to medication methods, in order to quickly and well control. In addition, we must prevent adults on the ground, but also pay special attention to the prevention and control of underground larvae.
The organic vegetables can use the characteristics of the positive tropism of the yellow-triple-jumped leopard on the yellow, and a few pieces of the armyworm yellow plate are placed at a height slightly higher than the vegetable plants to seduce. It is also possible to use adult insects with the characteristics of phototaxis and sensitivity to black light, and use black light for trapping. Insect killing adults can also be set. Conditional insect nets are used to block adult insects. The use of biological insecticide artemisinin 500 times, or 2.5% rotenone EC 500 times and other spray control.
Non-polluted vegetables can be treated with 5% phoxim granules (3 kg/mu). The effect of the treatment on larvae and pupae is good, and the residual period is more than 20 days. In addition to larvae, 50% phoxim EC or 18% dipterex crystals 1000 times can be used to soak the roots for a period of up to 15 days. In addition to adults, they should be sprayed 12 days after sowing. They can use 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times, or 40% chlorpyrifos emulsion 1000 times, 5% chlorfluazuron EC 4000 times, and 5% fluorfencarb 4,000 times. Liquid, 20% fenvalerate 2000-4000 times liquid spray control.
According to the law of adult activity, targeted spraying. In the season when the temperature is high, the sunlight is intense at noon, and most of the adult snorkeling back into the soil. Generally, spraying is more difficult to kill. Can be sprayed at 7-8 in the morning or 5-6 in the afternoon (especially in the afternoon), when the adult is unearthed, the activity is poor and the efficacy is good. In the winter, around 10 am and 3-4 pm, they are particularly active and vulnerable to harassment and escaping. However, at noon, they often rest on the leafy “midday breakâ€, so the winter can be found in the morning when the adults have just unearthed, or at noon, or in the afternoon. Adult insects spray in the “fatigue†state. When spraying, spray from the perimeter of the field to the center of the field to prevent the adults from jumping to the neighboring fields for better control. Increase the amount of spray, be sure to spray thoroughly, spray the blade, wet the soil. Spraying should be light and do not disturb adults. Add a little high-quality detergent when dispensing.
Cabbage butterfly, mainly larvae (rapae) damage Chinese cabbage.
Organic vegetables should be strengthened in field management, covered with pest control nets, covered with insect nets in plastic greenhouses, sheds, or sheds. Base fertilizers should be applied at one time after site preparation, then sowed or transplanted, and then soil pressure should be applied around the net. In fact, when watering, the small and medium sheds can be poured directly from the Internet. The greenhouses can be operated by doors, and they can be closed after entering and exiting. Regardless of the large, medium and small sheds, the planting space is suitable for the planted plants not to come into contact with insect nets.
Non-polluted vegetables should be checked every 3-5 days under normal cultivation conditions. During the seedling stage, 100 eggs or 20 eggs or larvae should be found at the seedling stage, or 100 eggs or larvae should be found in the long-term and late-incision period. For more than 200, it is necessary to control the application of pesticide when the majority of 1-3 instar larvae are used. For the control of newly hatched larvae, 20% diflubenzuron suspension 500-1000 times, or 5% chlorfluazuron EC 2000 times, 3% tetraflumuron EC 1200 times, and 1.8% avermectin EC 2,000 times Liquid, 5% fluorinated urea EC 2000 times, 25% diflubenzuron suspension 750-1000 times spray control. It is also possible to use Bacillus thuringiensis emulsion 700 times spray, add 0.1% detergent powder when mixing, choose cloudy or cloudy days when the temperature is higher than 15°C, or apply after 4 pm on sunny days. When the density of insect population is high and the pest situation is critical, 2.5% deltamethrin EC may be used as a 2000-3000 dilution, or 20% fenvalerate EC as 1500-3000 times, and 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin as 1500-2500. The control of spraying with liquid, etc., is more than 90% effective in preventing and controlling 3rd instar larvae.
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