How is kale grown? Have you ever eaten kale? In fact, the vegetable moss of kale is very good. It is crisp and sweet, and is loved by many people. Today, let's talk about the cultivation techniques and time of kale.
First, the condition of canola cultivation
Temperature condition
Kale has a mild climate, strong heat resistance, and its ability to withstand high temperatures is the strongest among cabbages. Seed germination and seedling growth temperature is 25 ~ 30 ° C, slow growth below 20 ° C, leaf plexus growth and vegetable moss formation temperature is 15 ~ 25 ° C, prefer a large temperature difference between day and night. The high temperature above 30 °C is unfavorable for the development of Brassica oleracea L., and the growth is slow under 15 °C. The heat tolerance and flower bud differentiation of different cultivars have different temperature requirements.
2. Sunshine requirements
Kale is a long-day crop, but the current varieties are not strict with the length of sunshine, and all of them need good light and are not resistant to yin.
3. Moisture conditions
The kale is suitable for the moist soil environment, and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 80-90%. Not resistant to drought, the resistance to sputum is slightly stronger than other cabbage-like vegetables, but excessive soil moisture or water accumulation in the field will affect root growth.
4. Soil nutrition
The kale has a wide adaptability to the soil, and it is suitable for loam and sandy loam. The absorption of NPK is the highest in potassium and the least in phosphorus, and the ratio of N, P and K is 5.2:1:5.4. At the seedling stage, the amount of fertilizer was less, the growth was slower, and the amount of fertilizer was the most during the formation of the vegetable moss. The absorption of NPK is different in each stage of growth, and the application of organic fertilizer should be emphasized, and appropriate topdressing should be applied.
Second, mustard seedlings
Sowing time
Planting in Beijing is basically an annual supply. Early-maturing varieties such as willow early mustard blue are cultivated in open field to ensure supply from June to October. From September to March of the next year, the mid-late and late-maturing varieties such as Zhonghua and Zhongdu mustard will be cultivated in a protected area to ensure the supply from November to May. It should be noted that July-September is the high temperature and rainy season in Beijing. It should be planted in a cool place.
2. Seeding method
The kale can be transplanted by live seeding or seedling transplanting. The seedlings are transplanted in Beijing area, and 75-100 grams per acre is needed. The nursery site should choose sandy loam or loam that is convenient for irrigation and drainage. It is best that the former is not a cruciferous vegetable. When the soil is prepared, it is necessary to apply more decomposed organic fertilizer and sow it by sowing.
3. Nursery management
Always keep the nursery seedlings moist, apply quick-acting fertilizer 2 to 3 times in the seedling stage, and properly sow the seedlings to avoid the seedlings becoming too thin and weak. 5 pieces of true leaves can be reached in 25 to 35 days of seedling age. The time between the seedlings is generally carried out after the appearance of two true leaves. Choose tender and strong seedlings with good growth, thick stems and large leaf area. It is not advisable to use small old seedlings.
Third, kale planting technology
1. Soil preparation and fertilization
The mustard is planted with loam that protects the fertilizer and keeps water. Fine soil preparation is applied to the base manure composted pig manure, composting 3000-4000 kg per hectare, 25 kg of superphosphate, and the soil is evenly mixed, cultivated and flattened, and the soil is fine.畦 generally do flat sputum, but summer cultivation should be done with small sorghum.
2. Colonization method
The cultivation of kale in the open field should be carried out in the afternoon, and the cultivation in protected areas should be carried out in the morning. After the date of planting is determined, the seedling bed is poured with water in the afternoon before planting the seedlings, so as to dig the seedlings the next day. On the day of planting, the seedlings were planted, and then they were transported to the colonized plots, and planted at a certain row spacing.
3. Planting density
The plant spacing of early-maturing seeds of kale is 25 cm × 20 cm, the spacing of medium-ripe plants is 30 cm × 22 cm, and the spacing of late-maturing plants is 30 cm × 30 cm. Planting seedlings should not be deep, and the seedlings and the noodles should be flattened or slightly lower by 1 cm. After the seedlings are planted, they are immediately watered to restore growth.
4. Watering and fertilizing
According to the temperature and humidity at that time, the seedling water should be poured in time, and the watering of the seedlings should be properly controlled for the long-term growth period. The vegetable formation period and the harvesting period should be increased. The number of watering should be increased, and the soil should be kept moist. Base fertilizer and topdressing are both heavy, and topdressing is applied with water. Generally, after 3 to 4 days of slow seedling, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer or chicken manure should be applied. When the bud is bolted, appropriate quick-acting fertilizer or human excrement should be applied. After the main moss is harvested, it is necessary to promote the growth of the side moss, and the fertilizer should be applied 2 to 3 times.
5. Cultivating soil
The growth of Chinese kale in the early stage is slow, and weeds are easy to grow between the plants. It is necessary to carry out cultivating and weeding in time. With the growth of the plant, the stem is thicker and thicker, the base is thinner, and the upper part is larger, forming a top-heavy weight. It is necessary to combine the cultivating to cultivate soil and fertilize. It is best to apply 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre.
6. Pest control
The disease of kale is less, and black rot is more common. This is a bacterial disease, which is prone to high temperature and high humidity. The prevention and treatment method is to select resistant varieties, avoid continuous cropping with cruciferous vegetables, and find that the diseased seedlings are removed in time. The spotted spots are sprayed with fungicides, such as chlorothalonil. In addition, in greenhouse cultivation, when the temperature is low and the humidity is high, the leaves, stems and pedicels are prone to downy mildew.
7. Harvest at the right time
When the canola flower bud grows to be flush with or close to the tip height of the leaf (commonly known as Qikouhua), it is suitable for harvesting period, and the harvest height is 15-25 cm. In order to maintain better commercial properties, it is advisable to harvest in the early morning and organize the packaging.
The above is the sowing time and cultivation technology of kale, and the friends who want to grow kale can see more, in addition to the technology of kale planting, there are more varieties of agricultural technology knowledge!
The greenhouse a filled with equipment like hydroponic, irrigation, auxiliary lighting ,temperature and humidity control and also may be automatically controlled by a computer to maximize potential growth.
Hydroponics can be used to make the most use of the interior space. The relatively closed environment of a greenhouse has its own unique management requirements, compared with outdoor production. Pests and diseases, and extremes of heat and humidity, have to be controlled, and irrigation is necessary to provide water. Most greenhouses use sprinklers or drip lines. Significant inputs of heat and light may be required, particularly with winter production of warm-weather vegetables.
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