Corn planting often encounters diseases, and many corn growers have a headache in the face of corn disease. Below, Xiaobian compiled the comprehensive prevention and control technology of corn pests and diseases, come and learn.
There are many kinds of pests and diseases in corn. The main diseases include bacterial wilt, big spot disease, small spot disease, viral disease, and head smut; the main pests are corn borer, aphid, red spider, and underground pests. The identification of major pests and diseases of maize and its prevention and control recommendations are summarized, with a view to providing reference for increasing corn yield.
1. Corn bacterial wilt
Corn bacterial wilt mainly occurs at the end of filling, and is a fulminant and devastating disease, which is easy to cause serious yield loss.
At the end of the grain filling stage, the leaves were suddenly dry and wilting, and the whole leaves were washed with water and dried. The ear was drooping and the leaves were dead. The base of the stem was initially water-immersed, then gradually turned into a light brown color, and the hand held a hollow feeling. Causes lodging.
Prevention and treatment recommendations: 1 selection of resistant varieties. 2 attention should be paid to drainage in cultivation measures. 3 Irrigation with Jin Lei Dumir, Kang Zhenglei or Geck 1 000 times liquid.
2, corn big spot disease
It mainly harms the leaves, and when it is severe, it affects the sheath and the leaves. The field begins in the lower leaves and gradually develops upwards. At the beginning of the disease, there are water-stained blue-gray dots, and the trailing veins develop toward both sides, forming a deep brown-colored fusiform or spindle-shaped large spot with a central yellow-brown edge. When the humidity is high, the lesions are healed into large pieces, and black-gray molds are formed on the spots, and the diseased parts are longitudinally cracked or withered and yellow; the ears and the leaves are infected, and the lesions are irregular.
Prevention and treatment recommendations: 1 selection of resistant varieties is the fundamental way to prevent large spot disease. 2 chemical control. Spray with 40% gram of emulsified emulsion 500~1 000 times, 50% of bacteriostatic WP 800 times or 50% thiophanate 500~800 times. If necessary, spray it again and again for about 7 days.
3, corn leaf spot
Mainly harmful to leaves, stems, ears, seeds, etc., the lesions are oval, rectangular or spindle-shaped, yellow-brown or gray-brown. Under high temperature conditions, the lesions appear dark green infiltration area, and the lesions are yellow-brown necrotic spots. Temperatures above 25 ° C and heavy rains are severe.
Prevention and treatment recommendations: same with corn big spot disease.
4, corn virus disease
Corn virus diseases mainly include corn dwarf mosaic disease and corn rough disease.
Maize dwarf mosaic disease can be susceptible to the whole corn growth period, from the emergence to the seven-leaf stage is a susceptible period. At the seedling stage, chlorotic punctate leaves appeared at the base of the heart leaf, gradually extending to the whole leaf, and the mesophyll tissue was chlorotic and yellow, forming obvious yellow-green interstitial streaks. A severely ill strain cannot cull or prematurely die. The typical symptom of corn rough disease is that the plant is dwarfed, the infested corn is dark green, and the mesophyll is thick and stiff, arched and curved. The short streaks of the veins on the back of the leaves, the sheaths of the leaves and the leaves of the eucalyptus leaves, the height of the diseased plants is less than half of that of the healthy plants, and the male and female ears cannot be plucked. Corn dwarf mosaic disease can be inoculated with juice friction. It is mainly transmitted by aphids. In addition to spreading viruses, aphids are also very harmful to corn. When the mites suck, they spit out a kind of saliva, which affects growth and pollination, causing emptyness and baldness. The corn rough-reducing virus is mainly transmitted by the gray planthopper, which is a persistent drug.
Prevention and treatment suggestions: 1 Early use of pesticides to eliminate mites and gray planthoppers before moving to corn fields. Spray with water 750~1 125kg/hm with 40% oxidized pistachio 3 000 times solution or 50% anti-Pu Wei WP 225~300g/hm. 2 Strengthen cultivation management to improve disease resistance of plants.
5, silk smut
It mainly harms the ear and flowering of corn. Once the disease occurs, the whole plant granules are not collected, and the damage is quite serious. It is commonly known as “wumi†or “grey bagâ€. The seedling stage invaded from the corn bud sheath, and the symptoms were manifested after the tasseling. The appearance of the diseased ear is shorter than that of the normal ear, the base is large and the end is pointed, and no filament is extracted from the top. The flowering plants usually have no spikes, and the top of the flower shaft that has just been taken out becomes a small pile of black spores. Sometimes the flower is deformed into leaves after flowering.
Prevention and treatment recommendations: 1 early removal of the diseased plant, the diseased plant was taken to the ground to be buried or burned. 2 chemical control. In the seedling stage, the use of chemicals to prevent the invasion of pathogens will effectively control the occurrence of the disease.
6, locusts
The adult sucks the juice on the leaf back and the tender stem, and the damaged plant leaves curl, and the seedlings are wilted and even die. Old leaves suffer, early fall, shorten the result period, resulting in reduced production.
Prevention and treatment recommendations: 1 chemical control. Spray with water of 750~1 125kg/hm with 40% oxidized pistachio 3 000 times solution or 50% anti-Pu Wei WP 225~300g/hm. You can also use 40% dimethoate emulsion 15kg / hm plus water 75 ~ 90kg / hm, in the base of the stem of the damaged corn, with a brush or cotton ball smear. 2 use natural enemies. The natural enemies of corn borers are mainly beetles.
7, red spider
Corn red spiders belong to the genus, also known as fire dragons, fire spiders, red sand and so on. The red spider usually begins to harm the corn after heading, which occurs in the early years and begins to harm when the corn leaves are 6 leaves. The red spider sucks the leaf tissue nutrients, so that the damaged leaves show dense yellow-white spots, and then gradually fade to green and then die. The damaged corn kernels are thin and thin, resulting in reduced production. Adult adults of corn red spiders lurk over winter in the rhizosphere. After the temperature rises in early spring, the red spiders are unearthed, and they are concentrated on some weeds for feeding and breeding. After the corn is emerged, it is transferred to nearby corn seedlings by wind blowing and crawling. Red spiders are flaky in the field, and it takes a long time to spread from the source of the insect to the whole corn field. After the heavy rain, the number decreased, and the drought increased, and the number increased.
Prevention and treatment recommendations: 1 eliminate wintering adults. Watering in early spring and autumn can eliminate a lot of wintering red spiders. 2 chemical control. A 40% dimethoate emulsion and 20% dicofol 1000-1500 times mixture (1:1), the effect is very good. 3 use natural enemies. The natural enemies of corn red spider have deep-spotted ladybugs, eater horses, and grasshoppers.
8, corn bran
Also known as the heartworm, it is the main pest of corn. The corn borer larvae are drill-bit pests. The typical symptom is that after the heart leaves are worn, the unfolded corn leaves appear neat rows of small holes. After the tassel is extracted, the larvae are drilled into the male flower, which often causes the base of the male flower to break. After the emergence of the ear, the larvae are transferred to the ears to feed on the filaments and tender leaves, and into the cobs or to eat the young seeds. Some larvae break into the stem and feed on the pith, making the stem easily blown by the wind. The damaged plants are not full of grains, and the premature senescence of the leaves, and some spikes or even no seeds, causing severe reduction in production. It is easy to occur in high temperature and high humidity from June to September; different varieties of corn have different differences in damage.
Prevention and treatment recommendations: 1 eliminate wintering larvae, reduce the number of wintering insect population. 2 In the heart leaf stage and the ear stage, the drug is used for timely drug control. 3 The use of Trichogramma to eliminate corn mash has a significant effect, and the cost is low. 4 selection of insect-resistant varieties.
9, underground pests
There are mainly cockroaches, crickets and tigers. Biting corn seedlings, roots or roots, causing dead seedlings, lack of seedlings, and ridges. These pests are nocturnal, and the tigers are very heterozygous. The 10th generation larvae are most seriously endangered, and the rainy autumn is a sign of the large tigers.蛴螬 is the larva of the chafer, eating heterozygous, biting off plant seedlings, rhizomes, and letting the seedlings die of yellow. Adults and nymphs bite corn seedlings near the surface of the earth, or dig tunnels on the surface of the soil, and bite off the main roots of the seedlings to kill the seedlings.
Prevention and treatment suggestions: 1 Remove the weeds on the edge of the field and the ground to eliminate eggs and larvae, and control them from the source. 2 chemical control. It is best to use seed dressing at the time of sowing, that is, use 50% phoxim 1kg for water 25~30kg. If there is no seed dressing, the roots can be irrigated with 50% phoxim 3.00~3.75kg/hm, water 6000~7500kg/hm or trichlorfon 800 times. When there is any hazard in the field, it can be diluted with water by 90% trichlorfon or 50% phoxim 0.5kg, and then mixed with 40kg wheat bran or broken oil cake to make poison bait. It is sprinkled in the vicinity of corn seedlings in the evening.
The above is the comprehensive prevention and control technology for corn diseases compiled by Huinong.com, have you learned it? If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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