1. Location
It is advisable to choose a sandy loam with deep soil, loose and fertile soil, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and cultivate in fields where melon crops have not been planted within 5 years in dry land and 3 years in paddy field.
2. Soil preparation and fertilization
Before winter, deep plow the melon field and prepare the land in time before transplanting. The melon field needs three ditch matching, so that the rain stops the dry field and the soil looses the moisture surface. The base fertilizer is mainly high-quality organic fertilizer and cake fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, which generally accounts for 60%-70% of the total fertilization amount. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be properly matched, and micro-fertilizers should be applied at the bottom or sprayed according to the lack of nutrients. The amount of fertilization depends on the soil fertility and the cultivars, generally medium fertility fields, combined with the application of 3000-4000 kg decomposed organic fertilizer per acre, 45% nitrosulfur-based or potassium sulfate type controlled release fertilizer 60-80 kg, do not apply Chlorine fertilizers. Small-fruit watermelon and grafted watermelon can be reduced by 20% fertilizer. Use high borders for planting, wide borders of 4-4.5 meters, narrow borders of 2.0-2.5 meters. The wide border can be planted on both sides of the border, and the melon vines can crawl against each other, or the melon vine can be planted in the middle to climb on both sides, and the narrow border can be planted on one side to climb the melon vine on one side.
3. Sowing seedlings
Soaking and accelerating germination, first soak the watermelon seeds in 0.4% formalin for 1 hour, remove them and wash them with clear water, then soak them in clear water for 8-10 hours, then remove them, and rub off the mucus from the seed skin with a towel, and wrap them with a damp cloth Well, put it in a plastic bag, put it in a person's personal clothing bag, and use body temperature to incubate the germination. After 12 hours, use warm water to shower once. Generally, after 24-36 hours, most of the seeds can be sown.
4. Colonization
The early ripening watermelon seedlings are about 1 month old and can be planted after 2-3 true leaves grow. The seedling age of the middle-maturing watermelon is 20-25 days, and the seedling age of the late-maturing watermelon is 7-10 days. Wide borders are planted in 2 rows and narrow borders are in 1 row.
5. Pruning and pressing vines
Three vine pruning methods are generally used. When the main vine has 8-9 leaves, select the main vine and two strong side vines, and remove all the remaining vines and sun vines. Pruning should not be carried out on cloudy and rainy days to prevent the spread of diseases. When the vine grows to about 50 cm, combine the pruning with the soil to press the vine, and then press it again at 3-4 knots, and press 2-3 times for each vine to evenly arrange the vines. When the watermelon enters the expansion period, the front vine of the melon should be properly restrained, and it cannot grow vigorously, otherwise it will lose nutrients and affect the expansion of the melon. Pinching the tip of the pan head is to pull the melon vine back, circle the side of the watermelon, and pinch the vine tip casually.
6. Top dressing
When the young melon grows to the size of an egg, topdressing expanded melon fertilizer depends on the growth of the plant. Generally, 15-20 kg of 45% nitrosulfur-based or potassium sulfate controlled-release fertilizer is applied per mu.
7. Moisture
The seedling stage should be watered as little as possible, or even not watered, to promote the formation of a well-developed root system in the seedlings; control water before flowering and fruit setting to prevent wild growth; after fruit setting, sufficient water supply should be ensured to facilitate fruit expansion and increase weight. It is not advisable to water 7-10 days before harvest, so that the fruit will accumulate sugar.
8. Harvest
The harvest should be carried out in the morning. For long-distance transportation or storage, it can be harvested at eight ripening; for those sold on the same day in the suburbs, it can be harvested at nine ripening. Do not go on the market for raw melons. Generally, early-maturing varieties are harvested around 30 days after pollination, mid-maturing varieties around 35 days, and late-maturing varieties around 40 days.
Generally speaking, watermelon has a long history of planting in our country. Most people have experience and it is relatively simple to operate. However, in the cultivation process, no link should be ignored, so that big and sweet watermelons can be grown.
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