Rotation is the basis for the cultivation of high-quality tobacco and the implementation of other agricultural production measures. Rotation can adjust and improve soil fertility to a certain extent. Different crops have different absorption capacities for various nutrients, and if they are arranged properly, they can complement each other. For example, tobacco is a crop with higher potassium requirements, while wheat is a crop with more nitrogen. The use of wheat as a precursor to tobacco is beneficial to the nutrient balance of tobacco, the stability of yield and the improvement of quality. Under the combination of water and drought, the rotation of tobacco and rice can promote the activity of aerobic microorganisms in the soil, improve the availability of nutrients in the soil, ensure the yield and quality of tobacco, and increase the yield of rice.
Tobacco rotation can also reduce or avoid some of the pests and diseases of tobacco. Some of the diseases of tobacco, such as roots and stem diseases (black mites, etc.), can survive on the diseased plant residues in the soil for more than 3 years. If the tobacco and cereal crops are rotated, the tobacco will be planted every 2 to 3 years. These pathogens can be killed by not getting the proper host, thus greatly reducing their harm. The rotation of water and drought can greatly shorten the life of many pathogens in the soil and reduce the harm.
Tobacco rotation must start from the overall situation, focus on the long-term, highlight key points, and make overall plans. First of all, it should be clear that tobacco should be the priority. In crop layout and nutrient allocation, priority should be given to ensuring the good quality of tobacco leaves and the relative stability of production, and determining the tobacco-based cropping system. Secondly, the rotation system should consider both immediate interests and long-term development, and strive to give full play to the production potential of local natural and socio-economic conditions. Again, in deciding the tobacco rotation cycle and the order in which tobacco is being rotated, it is necessary to flexibly arrange according to local conditions and local conditions.
In the case of a rotating field, the time required to change the complete sequence per round is called the rotation cycle. The length of the rotation cycle is mainly determined by the number of crops that make up the rotation, the size of the main crop area, and the extent to which the crops in the rotation are resistant to continuous cropping. Tobacco is a continuous crop, and the rotation cycle is longer. The rotation cycle is too short to fully exert the role of rotation. However, the tobacco rotation cycle is too long and is limited by the area of ​​suitable tobacco. From the perspective of disease prevention, the tobacco rotation cycle is generally two years, that is, two years of two-headed tobacco, and the annual tobacco area accounts for 1/2 to 1/3 of the suitable tobacco area.
In the tobacco rotation cycle, how to configure a suitable predecessor relationship to the rotation effect. There are three issues to be aware of when choosing a tobacco crop. First of all, the time of the mouthwash should be appropriate, that is, the normal harvest of the previous crop does not affect the timely transplanting of tobacco. Secondly, crops with excessive nitrogen fertilizer (such as vegetables) should not be used for tobacco. Solanaceae crops (such as potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, etc.) and cucurbit crops (such as pumpkins) are not suitable for tobacco production because they have the same disease as tobacco. Cereal crops are a good predecessor to tobacco, because cereals and tobacco have fewer common diseases, and rotation can reduce the disease; cereal crops absorb more nitrogen from the soil, which is beneficial to improve the quality of tobacco leaves.
The post-production of tobacco is mainly cereal crops or rapeseed, and in a few areas it is beans and sweet potatoes. Tobacco is a good predecessor for the above crops. Because tobacco does not have the same disease as these crops, and tobacco is a row crop, the management of farming is meticulous, and there are more fertilizations, which have a good influence on soil fertility.
The water and drought rotation is mainly carried out on the fields where rice can be grown in each tobacco area. Although this rotation method does not occupy a large area, the area of ​​Tianyan will increase after the tobacco is fully implemented. The crop rotation crops of water-and-dry rotation mainly include rice, rapeseed, broad beans, etc. Some of the water-and-dry crops are also planted with onions, garlic and other crops. The water conservancy conditions of these areas are good, the irrigation conditions are convenient, and the soil fertility is medium. Or high, the texture of the soil is mostly loam or heavy, and the annual yield and quality are relatively stable, but attention should be paid to controlling the amount of fertilizer, and the regulation of fertilizer application and water regulation can produce high-quality tobacco. The water and drought rotation mainly consists of three years of six ripening and two years of four ripening.
Due to the variety of dryland crops in the dryland rotation area, the rotation method is more complicated. The crops with tobacco rotation mainly include: wheat, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, artichokes, peppers, barley, etc. The water conditions in these areas are poor, the irrigation conditions are inconvenient, the soil fertility is medium or low, and the soil texture Most of them are loam or partial sand. The annual output and quality are unstable, and they are greatly affected by the weather. It is necessary to improve production conditions and enhance the ability to withstand natural disasters.
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