At present, the planting area of ​​Danshen in Linyi City has reached 50,000 mu. However, Danshen is prone to root rot symptoms during the growth process, and the incidence of the field is increasing year by year, which has a great impact on its yield and quality. The rate of diseased plants in the field of Danshen is 20%~50%. If measures are not taken in time, Cause devastating harm.
Biological characteristics
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a perennial herb with reddish roots and its xylem tube bundles are grayish yellow or yellowish white and arranged radially. The main medicinal value is the root, the gas is slight, the taste is slightly bitter and sputum, and it is better to be thick and purple.
2. Growth characteristics
The climate is warm and humid with plenty of sunshine. It is relatively cold-resistant, suitable for humidity, and is afraid of drought and stagnant water. It can be cultivated in deep, fertile neutral, slightly alkaline, slightly acidic loam and sandy loam. The unique climate of Yimeng Mountain is very suitable for the cultivation of Salvia.
3. Hazard symptoms
Salvia miltiorrhiza root rot is a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum infection, which mainly harms the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The disease occurs mostly in the hot and rainy season. It first damages the roots and roots, causing it to brown and rot, and then gradually spread to the main root until the roots rot, when the roots are black. As the roots continue to rot, the stems and leaves on the ground will gradually wither and eventually the whole plant will die. The disease mostly occurs in May to November.
4. Pathogen
The pathogen is Fasarinm equiseti, belonging to the genus Aspergillus, the genus Aspergillus, the genus Trichosporon, the genus Neurospora, and the fungus of Fusarium.
5. Incidence conditions and pathogenesis
The pathogens overwinter in the soil or roots with mycelium, chlamydospores and sclerotia, which became the first source of infection of Salvia miltiorrhiza root rot. In the second year of April, the onset of the disease began. It began in May and lasted until November. It is the peak period from July to August and gradually decreases after September. The pathogen mainly invades the root system from the wounds of the root hairs and roots, and can also directly invade. The incubation period is generally 10 to 15 days. The bacteria can survive for 5 to 15 years in the soil. The disease begins to occur at an average daily temperature of 16 ° C to 17 ° C. The optimum temperature is 27 ° C to 29 ° C. The disease spreads rapidly under conditions of high rainfall and high soil moisture, which is not conducive to plant growth. Especially the long drought and sudden rain often burst. The hazards of underground pests and nematodes will cause wounds in the roots and facilitate the invasion of pathogens. Therefore, the pests of underground pests and nematodes are also seriously affected.
6. Prevention methods
Different sputum, variety, climate, field management, etc. can affect the occurrence of root rot of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken for the prevention and control of Danshen root rot.
(1) Pay attention to the selection of reproductive material. In recent years, artificial cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza has mainly used seed seedling transplanting to produce Salvia miltiorrhiza, which effectively solves the problem of traditional asexual reproduction of old root-claw disease, which is the basis for controlling root rot of Salvia miltiorrhiza.
(2) The seedlings are disinfected before cultivation. Use 1 kg of 70% diclofenac WP or 50% carbendazim WP to mix 3kg of fine soil per acre, and sprinkle it into the hole when it is planted. It has certain control effect; cutting and reed disinfection, with 50% retreat Quaternary wettable powder 800 times liquid or 70% methyl thiophanate WP 1000 times liquid immersion cutting and reed head 3 to 5 minutes, dried and then planted; planting roots before planting. It was treated with 50% carbendazim or 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution and dried for 10 minutes.
(3) Strictly choose the planting plot. Choose high-dry, well-drained loam and sand loam fields to ensure good drainage and ventilation; the terrain preferably has a slope of 10° to 15°, such as flat terrain, using high sorghum deep ditch cultivation to prevent stagnant water, Dig deep and dense seepage ditch.
(4) Strengthen cultivation management. Rational fertilization, application of organic fertilizer, application of phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, in the case of continuous rainy weather and soil moisture, timely cultivating loose soil, loose soil, increase soil permeability, can effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of Danshen root rot. At the same time, it was found that the diseased plants should be removed in time and treated with quicklime.
(5) Implementing a rotation. Reasonable rotation can inhibit the accumulation of soil bacteria. Because of soil bacteria, Danshen has a long-term onset, serious illness and rapid spread. It is best to rotate with grass crops for 3 to 5 years, especially with onion and garlic vegetables, to reduce the pathogen base and reduce the incidence.
(6) Chemical control. During the growth period, in the early stage of Danshen's disease, the fungicide is used to irrigate the root of the diseased plant, which can control the spread of the disease. The commonly used pesticides are 50% sterilized WP or 50% Enclosure WP 500-800 times. , or 96% copper sulfate 1000 times liquid, or 3% agricultural anti-120 water agent 100 ~ 150 times liquid, every 10 ~ 15d control once, for 3 to 4 times.
The above is the occurrence and prevention of Danshen root rot in Yimeng Mountain. The farmers who planted Danshen can learn this article.
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