What effect does the cold spring have on winter wheat production? How to prevent it? What remedies should be taken once it happens. Let's take a look at last year's case, the impact of cold spring on winter wheat production and remedial measures.
1 The effect of cold spring on winter wheat production
After entering March, the Huaibei Plain has basically entered the spring. As the temperature rises rapidly, the average daily temperature reaches or exceeds 10 °C. When the cold spring occurs, if the cold air is strong and lasts for a long time, it will not only make the temperature rapid. It drops below 10 °C and is usually accompanied by a wide range of rainfall or even snowfall. During this period, winter wheat is at the jointing and booting stage, which is a critical period for the growth of winter wheat. Therefore, if the cold spring occurs during this time, the adverse effects on winter wheat are very large. Wheat plants that are in a healthy growth state are usually subjected to freezing damage, and some of the leaves are injured, and the upper part is injured in the upper part of the plant, and then snoring and even wilting. If remedial measures are not taken in time, the ability of winter wheat plants to resist pests and diseases is greatly reduced, and various diseases such as sheath blight can be induced.
2 remedies
2.1 Spring irrigation of wheat fields damaged by cold spring, providing sufficient water for winter wheat growth and promoting root development
After the occurrence of spring cold, regardless of the impact on winter wheat, the winter wheat is transplanted in time to replenish water, promote root development, and allow the affected plants to resume growth as soon as possible. In fact, if the remedial measures are implemented before the cold spring occurs, the winter wheat wheat seedlings can form robust plants and improve the resistance of the wheat. In recent years, there have been few precipitations in Pingyi County in winter, and there is no effective rainfall weather process. Zero or zero rainfall or snowfall cannot meet the water needs of winter wheat growth. Many farmers have no habit of winter irrigation for winter wheat. Under this circumstance, if it is not irrigated in time in the spring, it will seriously affect the winter wheat jointing and booting, and the ability to resist various pests and diseases and fall cold will be greatly reduced. In fact, the spring irrigation of winter wheat is not lost, even if there is no spring drought, it is very beneficial to the growth of winter wheat. If spring irrigation is carried out in time, it will promote the rapid development of winter wheat roots. If the nutrient supply is sufficient, strong seedlings will be formed soon, and the ability of wheat to resist pests and diseases and cold springs will be greatly improved.
2.2 If the cold spring occurs earlier, it is necessary to carry out management work such as cultivating and topdressing in time.
Cultivating can not only effectively eliminate weeds, but also break the soil compaction, loose soil and increase the ground temperature, which is very beneficial to the growth of winter wheat during the period of jointing and jointing. However, in recent years, because most of the young and middle-aged laborers are not engaged in agricultural production activities at home, this effective management measure for winter wheat has been ignored by most farmers. They believe that it is not necessary to cultivate them as long as there is no grass in the wheat field. Even if some weeds grow, spraying appropriate amount of herbicide can effectively prevent weeding, which is convenient and easy to save. The cultivating of wheat field is time-consuming and laborious, and the effect of spraying herbicide is the same. Even the weeding effect of cultivating is not as good as herbicide. They only saw the weeding effect of cultivating, and did not see that cultivating also had the effect of loosening the soil and breaking the soil compaction, which is precisely what herbicides do not have. In fact, if the herbicide is used improperly in the spring, it will also affect the growth of the crop. Therefore, if conditions permit, it is recommended that the majority of farmers will cultivate the damaged wheat fields immediately after the occurrence of cold springs to loosen the soil, increase the ground temperature, and enhance the ability of wheat seedlings to divide.
2.3 Immediately after the occurrence of cold spring, prevent pests and diseases
After entering the spring, all management measures for winter wheat to control pests and diseases should be kept up to date. Especially after the occurrence of the cold spring, it is necessary to do a good job in this work, so that the winter wheat plants in the wheat field damaged by the cold weather will quickly resume growth after receiving sufficient nutrients. Even if there is no cold spring, it is necessary to strengthen the management of spring wheat fields so that winter wheat plants can form strong seedlings as early as possible in the spring, laying a foundation for the robust growth of wheat in the middle and later stages. Due to the special situation of winter wheat planting in 2017, it is necessary to do a good job of spring management under the guidance of agricultural technicians.
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