At present, green and healthy rice technology can not only meet the national demand for food, but also increase the income to increase the income of farmers, and at the same time improve the quality of rice. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the cultivation of high-yield rice in green to promote China's economic development. .
1 Preparation before cultivation
First, cultivate suitable rice seedlings. Rice seedlings play a vital role in the high quality and high yield of rice. When cultivating seedlings, it is necessary to consider all the roots, stems and leaves. Roots: mainly depends on whether there are developed root systems, more white roots, no rotten roots and black roots. Stem: Observe whether it is stout. Leaves, leaves stretch, and emerald green color symbolizes vitality.
Secondly, select excellent rice fields to ensure that there are no pollution sources around Putian, and at the same time ensure that the soil is soft and loose, the terrain is flat, the view is wide, the ventilation is good, and there is a clean water source to create a good living environment for rice.
2 key cultivation techniques
2.1 Nursery
The high-quality rice seeds are immersed and immersed, and the immersed seeds have a higher germination rate than the seeds that are not immersed, and intermittent immersion is required during the immersion to prevent the seeds from being drowned when the anaerobic breathing time is too long. In addition, attention should be paid to the control of temperature and humidity. Too low a temperature will cause the seeds to "freeze". Pay attention to seasonality. If you breed too early, it may cause the seeds to develop at too low temperatures, hindering their normal growth. Generally, the temperature is controlled at 25 ° C. After the leaves are released, the temperature is controlled at 20 ° C, and the film removal time is noted. According to the practice of planting crops in different regions, the practice of changing breeding, for example, the north is one year old, while the south is three years old. If you use high-tech insulation breeding, it is very likely that there will be two-year maturity, which greatly increases the output value of rice. Watering should be done twice in the morning and evening, and watering should be done every time. If there is bed volume water, dry it in time. In the aspect of fertilization, attention should be paid to the selection and dilution of fertilizers. The types and concentrations of fertilizers required for different periods of seedlings are different, but it is necessary to pay attention to the use of NY/T394 green fertilizer for irrigation, spray spraying, after fertilization. Wash the rice seedlings with water in time, and cover the membranes in time after cleaning.
2.2 transplanting
After the rice seedlings grow to a certain size, about 6 true leaves can be transplanted. During the transplanting process, attention should be paid to the selection of seedlings and the choice of paddy fields. Pay attention to reasonable close planting. It is more common in China to transplant in wide and narrow rows. Generally, it can be transplanted according to the row spacing of 33*20cm. The hole spacing is about 20cm. Each hole is generally 2 plants, and the planting depth is no more than 5cm.
2.3 Watering, fertilizing
Due to the use of green pollution-free planting technology, NY/T394 fertilizer is generally used. Reasonable control should be made on the type and amount of fertilizer. If farmyard manure is used, it should not be used directly, but after detoxification and other harmless treatment. It can be applied. Remember to use nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. When fertilizing, choose the type of fertilization and the amount of fertilization according to different stages, so as not to affect the type and quality of rice. In the early stage, it is necessary to apply high-efficiency compound fertilizer, which can ensure the nutrients needed for the initial growth of rice. In the late stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers need to be added, and at the same time, certain organic fertilizers can be applied according to the planting environment, thereby ensuring the normal growth of rice.
When irrigating, the single-row single-irrigation mode is generally adopted to ensure that the selected water source must be clean and non-polluting. No domestic, industrial wastewater or sewage can be used. Lead-free groundwater or river water can be used. Rice seedlings of different growth stages require different amounts of water, so the number of irrigations and the amount of water are different. In the greening period, the water layer is required to be 3 cm deep, while in the milky stage, the “dry and wet†is used alternately. The irrigation method, in the final maturity period, allows the rice fields to dry naturally without watering. In order to avoid the water temperature is too low, you can build a sun pool to ensure that the water temperature is not too low.
2.4 Weeding and prevention of pests and diseases
Weeding is the first choice for manual weeding. Try to reduce the survival rate of weeds. It can be used to close the pond before transplanting. After transplanting, we can control the growth of weeds by controlling the height and depth of the water layer. At the same time, manual weeding should pay attention to the cycle and frequency, improve the efficiency of weeding and reduce the labor time of workers. Even if the herbicide must be selected, the herbicide should be selected on the premise of the principle of green pesticide use. Select pesticides with low toxicity and low residual amount, and reduce the number of uses and usage as much as possible. It is possible to minimize the "pollution" of pesticides.
Generally, pests and diseases have the greatest impact on rice, so it is necessary to prevent pests and diseases in advance. For example, "special" birds can be used for weeding and de-worming. The genes in these birds are changed, and the rice in the paddy fields is often not used as food. , to a certain extent reduced pests. If there are insects that harm the growth of rice, artificially “cleaning†the insects on the leaves. Even if pesticides must be used, the amount of use should be minimized. At the same time, when the water is poured, try to avoid contact between the leaves and the water in the field. Exclusion prevents the growth of rice-causing pests.
2.5 harvest
In the harvest season, harvesting should not be done too early, nor should it be harvested too late, but the harvest should be selected at a rate of over 90% of the rice. When harvesting, it is guaranteed to be harvested separately and stored separately. The rice is classified by quality, and finally the high quality rice is selected to ensure the quality of the rice.
3 Conclusion
To cultivate green high-yield rice, it is necessary to fully understand the key needs of rice growth. From the control of seed selection, seedling, transplanting, harvesting, to the intermediate stage of fertilization, irrigation, weeding, etc., in addition to selecting quality rice seedlings, it is necessary to adopt green cultivation techniques to reduce the “contamination†of rice. Produce high quality, high quality rice.
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