Cellular immunotherapy has once again made an important breakthrough in the treatment of cancer, this time with advanced breast cancer.
A study published in the journal Nature Medicine recently reported that a patient with advanced metastatic breast cancer disappeared after treatment with autoimmune cells.
The most successful clinical immunotherapy for cancer treatment is immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy. Immune checkpoint blockade is the activation of T cells in patients by injection of antibodies. In adoptive T cell therapy, T cells are taken from the patient's blood or tumors, and only those T cells that recognize the tumor are cultured, and then Return to the patient. At this stage, the success rate of these methods will vary greatly depending on the type of cancer. To date, clinical trials using immunological checkpoint blocking methods to treat breast cancer have proven to be largely ineffective. According to the comments of Nature Medicine, "This study marks the first successful application of T cell immunotherapy in advanced breast cancer."
It is understood that the research results from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), by immunotherapy big cattle Steven A. Leading the research team led by Professor Rosenberg, a 49-year-old woman with advanced breast cancer from Florida who had previously received many treatments and developed tolerance, in the words of a doctor. Speaking, the patient has been "no cure," and hopes for survival.
In the study, the researchers first sequenced the patient's tumor to identify mutations specific to her case and found 62 different mutations in breast cancer cells. Then, the researchers were in their tumors. Looking for tumor infiltrating T cells, such immune cells are expected to recognize tumor-specific antigens. After separating these T cells, the researchers immediately began to analyze whether the immune cells could recognize the unique mutations in this breast cancer patient. The results of the analysis were not very optimistic. Among the 62 mutations, these T cells could only recognize 4 of them. But the scientists did not give up any chances. Because the number of these T cells is too small and the effect is limited, the scientists decided to expand them a lot and then return them to the patient. During the expansion of T cells, the patient also The immune checkpoint inhibitor was used to adjust the state of the immune system to the optimal level.
When 90 billion immune cells were introduced into the patient, a miracle occurred. At the first follow-up after 6 months, the patient's target tumor burden was halved, and at the 22nd month after treatment, from the medical image. On the top, all the tumors have disappeared!
After 22 months, the patient's tumor (yellow arrow) disappeared without a trace (Source: Nature Medicine)
In the analysis, the researchers pointed out that the simultaneous treatment of multiple mutations, to the greatest extent possible to avoid the possibility of drug resistance in the tumor - if only one mutation, the remaining cancer cells still have the opportunity to wheezing and mutation; At the same time, for a variety of mutations, it is like a "carpet bombing" of tumors, leaving no chance for them.
The team predicts that this approach is more likely to succeed in other breast cancer patients. Steven A. Rosenberg said: "Because this new immunotherapy relies on mutations, not cancer types, in a sense, it will be a powerful weapon we can use to treat a variety of cancers."
Peter Johnson, a professor at the Southampton General Hospital Cancer Research UK, said: "This is another proof that certain cancers can be recognized by the body's immune system, if they can be stimulated in the right way, even spread to different parts of the body. Can be treated.".
However, Steven A. Rosenberg and the research team also emphasized that the treatment may not work for everyone and will be confirmed by larger controlled clinical trials before widespread adoption.
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