Autumn is a suitable time for strawberry planting in greenhouses and a key period for strawberry management. The quality of strawberry planting has a great influence on its survival, growth and future management.
1 Preparation for planting before planting
Usually in the middle and late July, when the shed is idle, take a high temperature shack, and in the first ten days of August, you can uncover the cold. Because high temperature disinfection kills the organisms in the greenhouse soil, the soil microorganisms are relatively small, and the number of beneficial microorganisms should be supplemented to form a dominant flora, which is conducive to the healthy growth of strawberries. At the same time, it is combined with organic fertilizer to improve the soil environment and enhance soil fertility.
After the soil is disinfected, it is ploughed, flattened and ridged. Generally, it is cultivated with sorghum (ridge). The width of the ridge (ridge) should be 40 cm, the width of the ridge (ridge) should be 60 cm, and the height should be 30-35 cm. , 畦 (ridge) is 90 to 100 cm, and the groove is about 40 cm wide.
The method of drip irrigation can reduce the soil compaction and permeability deterioration caused by watering, and it is very beneficial to maintain the ground temperature in winter, reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and prevent the occurrence of diseases.
In order to avoid the slow light irradiation and high temperature affecting the slow seedling and survival rate of strawberry seedlings during planting, it is sometimes possible to lay the sunshade net to reduce the light and temperature one day before planting.
2 Choose high quality seedlings
Select seedlings should use excellent varieties of disease-free seedlings with strong growth and more roots. Generally, the seedlings must have at least 4 leaves, and the stems are about 0.6 to 1.2 cm thick. If the seedlings are purchased from a distant field, the large leaves around the plants should be cut off during cultivation, leaving only 2 to 3 small leaves in the middle, which can reduce the evaporation of the leaves and increase the survival rate. When planting, the strawberry seedlings should be soaked with a fungicide to eliminate the bacteria carried by the seedlings.
3 detailed explanation of planting technology
Colonization time
The calibration time of greenhouse cultivation should be determined according to the degree of differentiation of the top flower buds. When the bud differentiation rate reaches 50%, it can be colonized. In the production practice, if the shortening base has obvious bow back, the ear leaves appear on the petiole of the blade base, and the colonization time is reached at this time, generally in mid-September, and the planting is selected in the evening or cloudy.
It is worth noting that the strawberry is planted at a temperature of 30 ° C, the survival rate is only 10%; the temperature is about 25 ° C, the survival rate is 50%; the temperature is about 15 ° C, the survival rate is 95%. Strawberries planted in summer or early autumn have a very low survival rate, which causes serious losses to production. Especially the seedlings introduced from other places have more prominent problems. It is forbidden to colonize early. The most suitable temperature for general planting is 15-23 °C.
Density and depth
Reasonable density is an important condition for obtaining high yield of strawberries, generally about 6000-8000 plants/mu. The specific planting density is introduced with reference to each variety. Two rows per ridge, planted in triangles, line spacing 25 ~ 30cm, plant spacing 15 ~ 20cm.
The depth of planting is the key to whether a strawberry can survive. The above is not to be buried, and the root is not exposed. Planted too deep seedlings buried in the soil, causing rotten hearts; over the shallow roots exposed to death. If the rooting or burying of the irrigation water after planting, it should be replanted in time!
Planting direction
When planting seedlings, we must pay attention to the direction of planting of the seedlings. The back of the strawberry seedlings must be oriented toward the sulcus on both sides. In the future, the earlets will be drawn to both sides of the sputum, which is conducive to ventilation, management and harvesting.
4 post-plant management
Promote slow seedling
After planting, the root water is filled, and then water is poured 1 or 2 times a day. After that, the seedlings are watered to prevent drought until the seedlings survive. After the slow seedlings enter the flower bud differentiation stage, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, the water should be controlled to control nitrogen, and the seedlings should be prevented from growing to promote flower bud differentiation.
Water management
After planting, the roots of strawberry seedlings are slow and the root growth is in the weakest period. Due to the high temperature and strong light on sunny days, the leaf area of ​​strawberry seedlings is large, and the water loss of leaves is serious, which makes it easy to cause seedlings to wither and cause anthrax. It is possible to adopt field furrow irrigation and maintain semi-ditch water to keep the soil moist. The rainy weather drains the ditch water in time, which is beneficial to protect the root system, reduce the wilt seedlings and reduce the occurrence of anthracnose.
Fertilization management
It is necessary to pay attention to multiple times of suitable topdressing. If the fertilizer is not timely, the strawberry plants are prone to premature aging and dwarfing. Generally, at least 4 to 5 times of fat should be chased, preferably 7 to 10 times. In the front of the mulching film (planting into a living period), the beginning of the heat preservation period, the flowering fruit setting period, and the early harvesting period, each fertilizer is applied, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in combination with the seedling condition.
It is best to apply NPK fertilizer. The amount of topdressing should not be too much, usually 8 to 10 kg per mu. It is advisable to apply liquid fertilizer after mulching. It is important to remember that the topdressing concentration should not be too high to prevent burning roots. Generally, it is formulated into 0.2% liquid fertilizer, and then watered by 0.4 to 0.5 liters per plant.
Foliar fertilizers such as phosphorus and potassium source pools and sea spirit bio-stimulants are used for foliar application, and sprayed once every 3 to 5 days in the growth period, and sprayed continuously for 3 to 5 times.
Pruning at the right time
With the growth of the plants, the inflorescences, lateral buds, and stolons of the new leaves are successively drawn. In order to concentrate the nutrients to supply fruit growth and development, and prevent the plants from being closed, the inflorescences, old leaves, diseased leaves and excess lateral buds of the harvested fruit should be removed frequently. The stolons should be removed from the flowering stage to reduce the rate of deformed fruit and improve the uniformity of the fruit.
Disease prevention and pest removal
From September to October, strawberry pests occur frequently during the period, and the main diseases are anthracnose, powdery mildew, leaf spot disease (snake eye disease) and verticillium wilt. Insects include red spiders, aphids, and tigers.
1. Before transplanting, use 25% pyraclostrobin (Kai Run) 8ml to water 20 kg of roots, soak for 5 minutes, then transplant, pay attention to the core buds, can effectively prevent anthracnose, verticillium, etc. Soil-borne diseases.
2, anthrax, leaf spot disease can be used alternately with 42.4% azole ether fluoroamide (Jinda) 8ml / barrel, or 25% pyraclostrobin (Kai Run) 1-2 bags / barrel.
3, powdery mildew can be used 30% Cui Ze (30% ether bacillus) 1000 times solution or Jianda (42.4% azole ether fluoroamide) 2000 times in the center of the disease and surrounding key spray; every 7 to 10 days 1 Second, continuous control 2 to 3 times.
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