Sprouts are edible shoots, shoots, buds, young shoots, or young stems that are grown directly from plant seeds or nutrient storage organs under dark or light conditions. Sprouts have the advantages of fast-growing and clean, nutrient-rich, high-quality health care, low investment cost, quick effect and easy realization of factory production.
1, sprout type
1.1 Seedling sprouts Seedlings grown directly from nutrients stored in seed, such as: yellow bean sprouts, broad bean sprouts, toona sinensis buds, peanut buds, radish sprouts, radish sprouts, green bean sprouts, etc. 1.2 Sprout shoots Shoot buds, shoots, young shoots, etc., which have been cultivated from the roots of perennial or perennial crops in perennial roots, straight roots, stem roots or shoots, such as: chicory shoots, bitter mustard shoots, ginger shoots , asparagus, dandelion buds and so on.
2, Sprout cultivation system
2.1 Germination and cultivation rooms
2.1.1 Selection of cultivation room In winter, early spring and late autumn, plastic greenhouses, greenhouses and other facilities can be used to beam the time, and plant or idle houses can also be used. When the average temperature is greater than 18°C, it can be produced in open areas and shaded by shade nets. 2.1.2 temperature germination chamber temperature 20 ~ 25 °C, relative humidity of about 90%; cultivation room temperature during the day more than 20 °C, the night is not less than 16 °C, to avoid large temperature changes. The relative humidity of the cultivation room is controlled at about 85%. Pay attention to proper indoor ventilation, in order to maintain the appropriate temperature and clean air. 2.1.3 Light conditions The germination chamber should be kept in a dark or low light condition. In summer and autumn, the cultivation room should be equipped with shading facilities. Those who use the room as the production room are required to face north and south, extend things from east to west (the north-south width should be less than 20m), and be surrounded by light. The window area accounts for more than 30% of the perimeter wall. In the low light season of winter, the illumination intensity near the south wall lighting area is not less than 5000 lux, the near north window lighting area is not less than 1000 lux, and the central area is not less than 200 lux. 2.1.4 The water source has tap water, storage tanks or spare tanks. The ground should be waterproof and leakproof, and have a drainage system. 2.1.5 Auxiliary facilities include seed storage, sowing operation area, plug cleaning area, and product handling area.
2.2 Cultivation Racks
Three-dimensional cultivation of a total of 4 to 6 layers, the first layer from the ground not less than 10cm, layer spacing 40 ~ 50cm, every two and put a row, spacing 50 ~ 80cm, in order to facilitate the operation.
2.3 Cultivated containers with vegetable seedling trays, specifications are 60cm24cm.
2.4 The cultivation matrix is ​​made of clean, light, non-toxic, water-absorbent, water-retaining, easy-to-handle materials after use, such as: paper, white cotton cloth, non-woven fabrics, perlite, foam plastic sheets, etc. 2.5 spray system sprayer can be.
3, Sprout cultivation technology
3.1 The disinfection of greenhouses and production tools The disinfection of greenhouses often uses smoke agents for fumigation to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse. With 22% dichlorvos smoke agent 500g/667m2 plus 45% chlorothalonil 250g/667m2 smoke, ignited after dark fire, fumigation or direct use of sulphur powder closed fumigation, can also be dispersed in the shed before the cultivation of lime disinfectant. Note that sprouting vegetables should not be produced during disinfection. In addition, according to the size of the greenhouse, a few ridges of sterilizing lamps were set up. Before the cultivation, the lamps were irradiated for 30 minutes to sterilize. Before planting, the cultivated containers shall be cleaned and disinfected, and they may be soaked in 5% formalin solution or 3% lime aqueous solution or 0.1% bleaching powder aqueous solution for 15 minutes and taken out and cleaned. The cultivation medium should be boiled under high temperature or exposed to light for sterilization.
3.2 Seed treatment: Seeds with uniform and full kernels, thick seed coat, high germination rate, and no damaged seeds are allowed to turn for 1 to 2 days. With 55 ~ 60 °C warm water soaking 10 ~ 15min, can also be used 3% lime aqueous solution soaking 45 ~ 60min or 0.1% bleach solution soaked, stirring 10min, remove, rinse with water 2 to 3 times, remove the seed surface mucus.
3.3 Seeding the newsprint on the plate and germinating seedling plate, sowing the seeds, requiring uniform spreading, no accumulation of seeds. Spray water 1 time after sowing, and cover with plastic film moisturizing, placed on the shelf of the germination room, turn the seeds once a day, watering once, and replace the seedling plate position. When most of the seeds are exposed, the seeds of the buds, rotting buds, wound buds, and dead seeds are removed with sterile tweezers. At a suitable temperature of 18 ~ 22 °C germination 2 ~ 3d. When sprouts are 1.5 to 3 cm, they are moved into the cultivation room.
3.4 Cultivation Room Management
3.4.1 Watering Keep the buds moist throughout the growing season. In the early stage of growth, water is sprayed 2 to 3 times a day; in the middle and late stages of growth, the amount of water is increased, and water is sprayed 3 to 4 times a day. Each time the amount of water to be wetted by the substrate is too high, there is no water accumulation at the bottom of the cultivation tray to avoid causing rotten seedlings. 3.4.2 The optimum temperature for temperature growth is about 20°C, and it can grow at 12-30°C, generally controlled at 19-23°C. 3.4.3 Lighted seedlings grow rapidly and are not easily standardized under dark conditions. Keep the cultivation room scattered light before harvesting and shading in summer. 3.4.4 When the green shoots are 4 to 5cm long, the cover is removed and the light is greened.
4, harvest
Planting requires green shoots, seedlings height of about 10cm, the top leaves unfolding, stem end 8 ~ 10cm not yet fibrosis, the general sales length of 8cm, high temperature season 7 ~ 10d, low temperature season 10 ~ 20d to 1 inch.
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