Spring corn fertilization techniques how to fertilize high yield corn spring corn? "Ferty is a Zhuang marriage treasure, lacking it is not good." Corn needs to absorb a lot of nutrients during the growth process. How to fertilize corn scientifically and rationally is a key measure for high yield of corn. We have to grasp four points:
Key point 1: Determine a reasonable proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application, and strive to balance fertilization. Corn absorbs more nitrogen and potassium and less phosphorus in its lifetime. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption is roughly 100: 37: 84. Combined with the high utilization rate of nitrogen and potassium and low utilization rate of phosphorus, it is important to supplement nitrogen, moderate phosphorus and potassium in fertilization. The application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is roughly 100:60:40, and it is recommended to implement formula fertilization.
Firstly, according to the fertilizer requirement of corn, soil fertility and fertilizer effect, the corn fertilization index system under different fertility levels was established according to the field test and soil test results. Based on this, a formula fertilization zone map and a formula fertilization plan are formulated.
Point 2: To determine a reasonable amount of fertilization, it is necessary to produce fertilizer and soil fertility, and 1 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can increase the yield of 8-10 kg of grain. Generally, for every 100 kg of grain produced, the soil The production capacity is calculated at 60%, which requires 3.43 kg of pure nitrogen (converted to 7.5 kg of 46% urea), 1.23 kg of phosphorus (converted to 7.7 kg of 16% superphosphate), and 2.36 kg of potassium (converted to 60% of potassium chloride 3.9 kg) .
Key point 3: The number of fertilization should be scientifically formulated, and efforts should be made to ensure that each fertilizer is effective and reasonable, and that it should be applied in the final fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing. According to the actual situation of our county, the general base fertilizer can be fertilized on the basis of 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer. 15 nitrogen ~ 15 phosphorus ~ 15 potassium (universal type), 20 nitrogen ~ 15 phosphorus ~ 5 potassium (middle or more fertile ground) ) or 16 nitrogen ~ 12 phosphorus ~ 12 potassium (low-yield or infertile) 20 ~ 25 kg, 20-25 kg of urea in the big bell period, 10-15 kg of urea in the ear stage. To meet the demand for nutrients in different growth stages, to prevent de-fertilization and reduce waste, so that fertilizers can play a greater benefit.
Point 4: Reasonable fertilization methods should be adopted to effectively avoid fertilizer damage and exert fertilizer efficiency. The application of the base fertilizer should be combined with the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer. The fertilization method can be applied before the arable land, or it can be combined with the machine.
The seed fertilizer should be strictly separated from the seed or strictly defined as diammonium phosphate. The application amount of the plant is less than 5 kg, which can be mixed with the corn seeds.
Topdressing should be in the jointing-pregnancy period, that is, the small bell mouth to the big bell mouth period (9-12 leaves), 10 to 15 cm from the base of the stem, the mechanical side is applied deep to 10 to 15 cm, or the person, the power storage ditch Applying and applying holes and covering the soil in time.
Point 5: It is necessary to grasp the time of fertilization and improve the efficiency of fertilization. During the whole growth process of corn, the peak of fertilizer absorption is at jointing, booting and flowering. Therefore, in these periods, we must apply more fertilizer to fight for high yields of corn.
The main production area of ​​spring corn is in the northeast region, and the annual cultivation method can reach 1000-1400 kg per mu. If the yield of spring corn in a season is 1200 kilograms per mu, the pure nutrients that need to be taken away from the farmland are: 21 kg of nitrogen, 8 kg of phosphorus, and 30 kg of potassium. A large corn planter in the Gongzhuling area of ​​Jilin Province applies 10 yuan of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer per hectare to the spring corn, which is equivalent to 5 kg of NPK per mu. The base fertilizer is applied before sowing and ploughed into the soil.
Then, when the spring corn is planted, 5 kg of diammonium is applied per mu to the planter as a seed fertilizer. Topdressing is in the period of spring corn growing to small bell mouth, applying 16 kg of urea per mu, equivalent to 7.4 kg of pure nitrogen per mu. The spring corn he planted last year harvested 1300 kilograms per mu. This successful case shows that spring corn is highly productive and has the following basic characteristics:
1. Spring maize has a long growth period and high yield. It is necessary to apply enough base fertilizer and pay attention to topdressing application. The application of the base fertilizer is to apply all the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and 40% to 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer, and the remaining 50% to 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as the top dressing.
2. The topdressing period should be analyzed from the nutritional characteristics of the spring corn stage. The grain formation stage of spring maize has the highest nitrogen uptake, accounting for about 50% of the total nitrogen uptake. Therefore, when choosing to apply a top dressing, it should be pursued during the big bell period. If urea is used, it should be administered one week in advance.
3. In the fertilization method, the base fertilizer should be ploughed and ploughed to a depth of 20 cm. It is better to apply nitrogen fertilizer to ditch and fertilize the soil. Do not apply it on the surface, because it will be halfway whether it is exposed to water or rain. The nitrogen fertilizer has to be lost.
4. The choice of spring corn fertilization type, general base fertilizer can be nitrophosphate potassium ternary compound fertilizer or with single fertilizer urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride proportioned, while topdressing mainly uses nitrogen fertilizer, generally 15 to 20 urea per mu. kg. In recent years, with the rise of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, some farmers have chosen high-nitrogen compound fertilizer as top dressing. For this reason, it is necessary to apply a certain depth to the topdressing method, otherwise the phosphate fertilizer has little mobility and it is difficult to play a role.
Spring corn should be based on base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing; farmyard manure is mainly supplemented by chemical fertilizer; nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor, phosphate fertilizer is the supplement; panicle fertilizer is the main principle, and granular fertilizer is the basic principle of fertilization.
The base fertilizer should generally account for about 70% of the total fertilization. Most of the phosphate fertilizer should also be combined with the base fertilizer, and it is generally applied in combination with autumn tillage in the previous year. When applying the base fertilizer, it should be evenly mixed with the soil. If nitrogen fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, it must be applied deep to prevent nitrogen loss. In the phosphorus-deficient soil, 450-600 kg of fertilized calcium per hectare; in the potassium-deficient soil, 150 kg of potassium chloride per hectare; in the zinc-deficient soil, 15 kg of zinc sulphate per hectare is applied.
Fertilizer
Before the spring sowing, use a small amount of farmyard manure with a suitable amount of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer or acupoint application as corn seed fertilizer.
top dressing
Spring corn topdressing adopts the “pre-light and heavy†fertilization method, that is, 1/3 of topdressing is applied before the jointing of the corn, 75-150 kg of urea per hectare, and 2/3 of topdressing is applied in the big bell mouth. Applying 150-300 kg of urea per hectare to meet the needs of nutrients in the spikelets, floret differentiation and grain formation stages of maize ears. The experimental results confirmed that the spring corn adopts the “pre-light and heavy†fertilization method, which is 13.3% higher than the “pre-weight and light†fertilization method.
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