Release date: 2015-10-16
When it comes to sleep, people generally think that the brain is either awake or asleep. According to the latest news from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology website, the school's neuroscientists found a strange line in the brain that allowed a small portion of the brain to go to sleep or become dull, while the rest remained awake.
This line begins in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). TRN transmits information to the thalamus to the cerebral cortex, inducing slow wave packets. Slow waves are the turbulence of brain activity when neurons are temporarily suppressed, and are signs of deep sleep. . Slow oscillations occur in both coma and general anesthesia, and this brain wave is associated with a decrease in wakefulness. When TRN activity reaches a certain level, these waves will control the entire brain. And TRN may also be the reason why people who lack sleep will be short-lived, but they can try to stay awake.
Researchers believe that TRN may help the brain consolidate new memories by coordinating slow waves between different brain regions and promoting their sharing of information. Laura Lewis, of the MIT Department of Mind and Cognitive Sciences, said that during sleep, some special brain regions may have slow waves at the same time because they need to exchange information, while other brain regions do not.
At present, most sleep research focuses on sleep-brain control, and this is only the case where the entire brain is covered by slow waves. Recent studies have shown that animals deprived of sleep exhibit slow waves in some brain regions, and they are still awake, suggesting that the brain can locally control wakefulness.
The MIT team began to study the local control of wake-up or drowsiness for TRN. Using photogenetic techniques to activate or inhibit neurons, the researchers found that if the TRN of a awake mouse is slightly stimulated, a small portion of the cortex will have a slow wave; as the stimulus increases, a slow wave will appear throughout the cortex. Lewis said that when these slow waves were induced throughout the cortex, the mice began to become drowsy, they stopped running and the muscles relaxed. This suggests that TRN plays a fine-tuning role in local control of the brain, increasing or decreasing the slow waves in specific areas, allowing these areas to communicate with each other, or inducing these areas to reduce wake-up when the brain is drowsy.
Understanding how the brain controls wake-up helps researchers design new sleeping pills and anesthetics to produce a more natural sleep state.
Source: Technology Daily
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