Residue hazards and management of nitrofuran drugs in meat products. Nitrofurans are a broad-spectrum antibiotic with strong bactericidal ability, broad antibacterial spectrum, low resistance to drug resistance, low price and good curative effect. It has a wide range of applications in the prevention and control of edible animal diseases. However, since nitrofuran may be genetically mutagenic, many countries and regions have banned the use of such drugs, and the detection limit of nitrofuran residues in animal-derived foods is not detectable. However, in recent years, many export trade incidents in which nitrofuran residues have exceeded the standard have occurred in China, causing serious economic losses, which has led to the attention of edible animals and their product testing institutions. At present, the use of nitrofuran drugs in the animal feed process still exists, and its supervision and management needs to be further strengthened. Therefore, the basic properties of nitrofurans, drug residues and detection methods are briefly introduced, and relevant management strategies are provided.
1. The nature and harm of nitrofuran drugs and their metabolites
The nitrofuran drugs mainly refer to a class of synthetic antibacterial drugs which are introduced into the nitro group by furazolidone, furanone, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin and the like. In general, nitrofurans are chemically stable and are yellow powders, odorless or slightly bitter. However, due to the large degree of du, it is generally used as a topical anti-du drug, and there are reports of feeding bait to prevent and control aquatic animal diseases. The main hazards of nitrofurans and their residues are:
1. It has toxic effects on livestock and poultry. High-dose or prolonged use of nitrofurans can have toxic effects on livestock and poultry. Among them, nitrofurazone is the most toxic, and furazolidone is the least toxic, about 1/10 of nitrofurazone. Among nitrofurans, the toxic effects of nitrofurazone on poultry are most common, especially in ducklings and chicks. Veterinary clinics often report incidents of furazolidone poisoning such as pigs, ducks, and sheep.
2. It has carcinogenic and teratogenic mutations. Furanone is a strong carcinogenic drug, and furazolidone is moderately carcinogenic. Nitrofuran compounds are direct mutators that cause bacterial mutations without the addition of an exogenous activation system.
3. Metabolites are seriously harmful to the human body. The nitrofuran drugs are rapidly metabolized in the body, and the partially metabolized molecules of the metabolism are bound to the cell membrane proteins, and the binding state can be stabilized for a long time, thereby delaying the elimination of the drug in the body. Ordinary food processing methods (such as barbecue, microwave processing, cooking, etc.) are difficult to degrade large amounts of protein-bound furazolidone residues. These metabolites can be released from the protein under weakly acidic conditions. Therefore, when humans eat foods with residual nitrofuran antibiotics, these metabolites can be released from the protein under acidic conditions in human gastric juice. The human body absorbs and causes harm to human health.
Second, nitrofurfural drug detection methods and management strategies
At present, China promulgated the No. 193 Announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture, "List of Veterinary Drugs and Compounds Banned by Food Animals", which has been banned from the use of furantrone and furazolidone in 2002, and must not be detected in animal foods; Nitrofuran metabolites are included in the residue monitoring program. At the same time, the detection technology of nitrofuran drugs and their metabolite residues in meat products has also developed rapidly. At present, the main method for detecting nitrofuran drug residues in animal-derived foods is liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. Detector method (LC-UV), high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry (HPLCMS/MS), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is suitable for routine laboratory testing because of its high sensitivity and specificity, and its ability to detect nitrofuran in animal tissues is simple, fast, accurate, and does not require special laboratory equipment. The results are consistent and currently have good application prospects.
Due to the serious harm of nitrofuran drug residues, countries and regions have taken measures to strictly control them. Since 2003, China has included nitrofuran in the residue monitoring program. Therefore, the management of nitrofuran drugs must be further strengthened.
1. Strengthen publicity and raise awareness of safe drug use. It is necessary to widely publicize the knowledge of livestock and poultry health culture, the relevant laws and regulations of national safe medicines and the harmful effects of drug residues on human health, so that the majority of farmers can understand the harms and legal consequences of using banned drugs, and improve the legal awareness of farmers. The consciousness of safe medication.
2. Strengthen the production and operation management of feed and veterinary drugs. Strengthen the monitoring of feed and veterinary drug manufacturers, and strictly prohibit the use of veterinary drugs other than those specified by the Ministry of Agriculture as feed additives. Feed production enterprises should strengthen the management of raw materials for production, so that the source of raw materials is clear and the records are clear. When strengthening raw materials, it is necessary to prevent feed ingredients containing nitrofuran drugs from being put into production to prevent contamination of illegal drugs in the production process.
3. Strengthen the management of livestock and poultry breeding. The aquaculture process is the key link in the monitoring of veterinary drug residues. The farmers are the main body of animal-derived food safety, and its safe drug use is directly related to food safety. Farms should establish breeding archives and ban the use of illicit drugs such as nitrofuran.
4. Strengthen the monitoring of meat residue. As soon as possible, we will build and improve the monitoring system for veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods in China. Form a complete veterinary drug residue detection network cascade structure at the national, provincial, municipal, and county levels; develop simple, fast, accurate, and sensitive analysis techniques; strengthen supervision of production, processing, and circulation, and increase the number of farms, processing plants, and farmers' markets. Sampling and testing of livestock and poultry and products, thus accelerating the research pace of monitoring and detection methods for veterinary drug residues in China.
The nitrofuran drug residue detector adopts the principle of solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent ELISA, ie, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the drug residue rapid detector can quantitatively and rapidly detect amoxicillin, malachite green, sulfonamides, aflatoxins (B1) , B2, G1, G2 M1 M2), disease diagnosis, melamine test, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfonamides (total), olaquindox, Detection of toxic and harmful substances such as diethylstilbestrol and antibiotic residues. And can be connected to the food safety monitoring system. Nitrofuran drug residue detectors are widely used in farms, slaughterhouses, deep processing enterprises of meat products, and inspection and quarantine units.
Diagnostic reagents can be divided into two categories: in vivo diagnostic reagents and in vitro diagnostic reagents. It is mostly a reagent for detection by the reaction between antigen and antibody.
A: Classification of in vitro diagnostic reagents:
1. In vitro biodiagnostic reagents managed as drugs include:
1. Blood type and tissue type reagents;
2. Microbial antigen, antibody and nucleic acid detection reagents;
3. Tumor marker reagents;
4. Immunohistochemistry and human tissue cell reagents;
5. Human genetic testing reagents;
6. Biochips;
7. Allergy diagnostic reagents.
2. In vitro reagents managed as medical devices include:
1. Clinical basic test reagents;
2. Clinical chemistry reagents;
3. Blood gas and electrolyte determination reagents;
4. Vitamin determination reagents;
5. Cell histochemical stains;
6. Autoimmune diagnostic reagents;
7. Microbiological test reagents.
B: According to medical test items, clinical diagnostic reagents can be roughly divided into clinical chemical test reagents, immunology and
Serological testing reagents, hematological and cytogenetic testing reagents, microbiological testing reagents, body fluid excretion
Detection reagents, genetic diagnosis reagents, etc. Among them, the market share of clinical chemistry
The largest, close to 34%; followed by the immunology market, accounting for about 29%. Novel immunodiagnostic reagents and genetic diagnostic tests
The reagent was developed in the late 1980s, and it is the most common diagnostic reagent for all current diagnostic reagents, regardless of technology or market.
The fastest growing product.
Urine Rapid Test Kit,Rapid Test Kit 6-Panel,Toxoplasma rapid test kits,Fecal Occult Blood Test
Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.jlgkscience.com