As the saying goes: "The orchard is not irrigated in winter, and it is affected by freezing and drought; the orchard is filled with winter water, and the beauty of the spring is opened." This means that it is best to fill the water before the orchard soil freezes. Orchard winter irrigation is an important technical measure to achieve strong growth and early flowering next spring. It can not only enhance the cold resistance of fruit trees, but also accelerate the maturity of organic fertilizers, which is beneficial to the roots to absorb more nutrients.
01 Orchard winter irrigation benefits
1, can reduce the freezing damage: winter irrigation can make the soil accumulate more heat, so that the magnitude of the change in ground temperature is reduced, which can reduce the winter damage of fruit trees.
2, can prevent drought: winter irrigation water storage in the soil, not only can improve the anti-freezing ability of fruit trees, but also prevent drought in winter and early spring. Winter irrigation increases soil moisture, which can alleviate the contradiction between winter leaf transpiration and water supply, and avoid dry freezing caused by physiological water loss. At the same time, due to the increase of soil water content, it is beneficial to the roots to absorb water and nutrients, thus enhancing the ability of fruit trees to resist freezing and drought.
3, can eliminate wind erosion: severe winter winds dry, often "wind scraping soil, tree roots dew, freezing damage, tree lodging." Pod hill beach soil light, loose soil, poor cohesion, and winter irrigation can make the soil moist The state, the wind does not blow the soil, the insulation is moisturizing and antifreeze.
02 Winter irrigation time
After the fruit is harvested, it is the winter irrigation period before the soil is frozen. The optimal irrigation time is: when the temperature is 3 °C, the average ground temperature is 5 °C in the 5 cm soil layer, and the topsoil is frozen overnight, it is generally suitable for irrigation during the period from "heavy snow" to "winter solstice". Do not prematurely irrigate the water. The irrigation is too early. Once the high temperature evaporates, the water will be lost, which is not conducive to water storage and protection, and will also reduce cold resistance. If the water is too late, the temperature will be low, the soil will be compacted, the water will not seep, the water will freeze, and the roots of the fruit trees will be vulnerable to freezing damage. Even if the nighttime temperature drops below 0 °C, the ground can still be thawed after the daytime temperature rises, and the irrigation is most beneficial to the fruit trees during this period.
03 Master the amount of irrigation
The amount of water before the fruit trees enter the winter is good. After the irrigation, the water can penetrate into the roots and penetrate into the root distribution layer. The underage fruit trees can be deep-filled about 30 centimeters, the adult fruit trees can be deep-filled about 70 centimeters, and the soil moisture is the largest in the orchard. About 70% of the water holding capacity is appropriate. The specific standard is: after 2-3 hours of irrigation, pits are made outside the tree tray, and the required depth of seepage can be seen.
04 irrigation method
There are many ways to irrigate fruit trees. Fruit farmers should follow the principle of “water saving, convenience and high efficiency†and adapt to local conditions.
1. Rooting: Watering the 1-2 year old fruit trees should be rooted. For the perennial fruit trees, use a soil barrier and a ring soil. The height is 15-20 cm, which can prevent water sputum, save water, concentrate water, and penetrate water. Strong. After pouring the water on the first day, the roots were ground with the soil the next day, and the soil was 15-20 cm to protect the roots.
2, furrow irrigation: digging a shallow trench of 25 cm between the rows, irrigation water along the furrow, the gap between the trees 1.5 meters, fill the trench after irrigation. The advantage is that the whole soil is soaked in soil, the water loss is less, and the soil is not compacted.
3. Well irrigation: Fruit farmers with wells adopt well irrigation methods to water fruit trees, which can increase the nutrient composition of fruit trees and promote the growth of fruit trees. Before the well irrigation, in the orchard, according to the fruit tree scorpion, digging out the water channel, opening the gate to release water, filling the ground, increasing the root water and improving the growth ability of the fruit tree.
4, drip irrigation: more suitable for mountain orchards. Orchards can be used in all parts of the South and North. Can save water by 60-70%. But with a little investment, you need a large reservoir and a set of drip irrigation machinery.
5. Micro-irrigation: Set 1-2 thin plastic branch pipes under each fruit tree, and let water be injected into the roots through the branch pipes. This method has the best water saving effect, but is susceptible to freezing and blocking.
6. Gully irrigation: For perennial fruit trees, 50-70 cm away from the fruit trees, a small ditch is placed around the fruit trees. Water is poured into the ditch, and the water will seep into the roots and be absorbed by the roots. If it is not poured for the first time, pour it again the next day, then fill the ditch with soil and set a solid, to prevent the wind from freezing the roots.
7. Hole irrigation: dig 8 holes with a diameter of 30 cm and a depth of 30 cm in the tree tray. Then fill the water with a hole, and the soil will recover after the water seeps. This method saves water and is suitable for mountain areas.
8, disk irrigation: take the trunk as the center, according to the crown to form a circular water tray, low inside and outside, the water is introduced into the water tray.
9. Ring ditch irrigation: Dig an annular groove at the vertical projection of the canopy to introduce water.
10. Combination of irrigation and fertilization: When fruit trees are filled with water, conditional fruit farmers can apply fertilizer to fruit trees, and no fertilizer can be applied to fertilizers. It plays an important role in improving the nutrient composition of fruit trees, promoting the growth of fruit trees and increasing the yield of fruit trees.
11. Sprinkler irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation: Sprinkler irrigation is more suitable for flat orchards, and both southern and northern orchards can be used. Need to purchase complete sets of equipment, the investment is large. Micro sprinkler irrigation is an improved device for sprinkler irrigation technology, including water source (aqueous pump and machine room), filtration system, and automatic control area (mainly automatic irrigation and electric valve, including branch pipe, capillary tube and nozzle), which is the trend of modern agricultural technology development.
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