In 2018, the Ministry of Environmental Protection began to impose environmental taxes on environmental pollution, including air quality. Then, as a phenomenon of the smelly smell of pig farms, what we have to do is to make the farm no longer stink. The smell of "spicy eyes" on the farm is mainly due to the occurrence and harm of ammonia in the farm. . The following is an introduction to the production of ammonia in pig farms and measures to reduce emissions.
First, produce
Ammonia is a colorless and strong irritating gas. It is soluble in water and toxic. There are two main ways to form ammonia in pig houses. One is that the metabolism of substances in pigs can produce ammonia, and the metabolism of substances in microorganisms. Ammonia gas can also be produced underneath; the other is the decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic matter in vitro to produce ammonia gas.
Second, the harm
1. Harm to pigs. Ammonia is highly irritating and toxic. It stimulates the conjunctiva and respiratory mucosa of pigs and causes inflammation such as inflammation. Different concentrations of ammonia have different effects on pigs. Long-term low concentration (10~15m L/m3) of ammonia in pigs can lead to decreased feed intake, daily gain and reproductive capacity, as the concentration increases. This effect is more obvious; in high-concentration environments, it is easy to cause alkaline burns in the contact parts of pigs, and also damage the central nervous system, heart muscle and heart of pigs.
2. Harm to the environment. With the increase of large-scale farms, a large amount of excrement is produced, and the excrement contains a large amount of nitrogen, which is the main reason for the animal husbandry to pollute the environment. The ammonia volatilization easily causes the deposition of nitrates and phosphates, resulting in acidification of the environment. And eutrophication, so the concentration of ammonia in the air in the pig house should be controlled within 20 m L/m3.
Third, emission reduction measures
1. Feeding low protein and high fiber feed
Adding synthetic amino acids needed for livestock growth in basal feed can reduce protein content, increase amino acid and protein utilization, and reduce urinary nitrogen emissions. For every 10 g/kg of crude protein in the feed, the nitrogen excretion is reduced by 7% to 10%, and the ammonia emission is also reduced by 2% to 10%. In addition, 200 g/kg of sugar beet is added to the feed. It also has the effect of reducing ammonia emissions. Increasing high-fiber fermented diets can increase the emission of fatty acids in the feces, reduce the p H value, thereby reducing the ammonia emissions, without affecting the growth of pigs. The effect of adding beets and soybean meal is better, adding wheat bran and oat bran. The effect is very poor, studies have shown that the addition of low crude protein high-fermented carbohydrates has a significant effect on reducing ammonia emissions.
2, the use of additives can reduce ammonia emissions
(1) Adding a microbial deodorant. The microbial deodorant is a microorganism that suppresses the growth of the main odor-producing bacteria to achieve a deodorizing effect. Adding 2% Bacillus subtilis to the feed to feed one-month-old piglets can reduce ammonia emissions.
(2) Add a urease inhibitor. Urease is an enzyme that decomposes urea in urine into ammonia. Urease inhibitors can effectively reduce ammonia emissions. Adding 1% ethanol extract of Polygonaceae plants in feed can not only inhibit urease production, but also improve Pig growth performance.
(3) Place a deodorizing adsorbent. The adsorbing substances such as zeolite, bentonite and activated carbon are placed in the place where ammonia gas is generated. These substances use the principle of van der Waals adsorption force between molecules to make the malodorous molecules adsorb on it to achieve the purpose of deodorization. Studies have shown that 5 is added to the feed. % of zeolite can reduce the amount of ammonia emissions in excreta and urine by 21%.
3, take appropriate feeding methods
Multi-stage feeding is based on different breeds and ages of pigs to feed their matching feeds according to different growth needs, thus reducing nutrient waste and reducing environmental pollution. The four-stage feeding method compared with the single stage can reduce the nitrogen content in the pig manure by 12%. In addition, feeding wet materials can promote protein digestion and absorption, reducing ammonia emissions. Studies have shown that feeding a 3:1 mixture of water can reduce the odor concentration in the excreta and urine by more than 65% compared with the feed dry material. This method is simple and effective, and it is worthy of promotion.
The introduction of ammonia gas generation and emission reduction measures on the pig farm was completed. Pig farmers can easily say goodbye to the stinky pig as long as they do the above.
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