“Before and after the rain, seeds and melons grow beansâ€, and after entering the season of solar energy, it entered the sowing period for spring sowing peanuts. What kind of preparatory work should be done before sowing to achieve high quality and high yield of spring sown peanuts?
First, the selection of plots. Soil types suitable for peanut cultivation include soil fertile loam soil, sandy loam soil, and sandy soil. The best is sandy loam soil. This type of soil has deep plowing layer, comprehensive nutrient content, good soil physical and chemical properties, and drought resistance. At the same time, the most harmful underground pests to peanuts—the cockroaches and the golden-headworms—occurred mildly. In general years, there was no need for pesticide control, and less investment was made in fertilizer input and irrigation water. It was the best soil type for spring planting peanuts. . Peanuts are extremely resistant to heavy scorpions, and they should use raw oysters. The upper sorghum is better for corn and vegetable crops.
Second, choose good breeds. At present, the main cultivars promoted in production have the following types according to the size of the fruit: large fruit types such as Luhua 11, Luhua 14, Huayu 16, Huayu 22, etc. of the Luhua series and Huayu series; The fruit-type Shaohua No. 2 and so on; the small and medium-sized varieties such as Xiaohua No. 4, Tianfu No. 3, and Baisha No. 1016, which are commonly used in production, are more prominent in terms of output and quality. What kind of varieties to use should be determined according to the local market sales situation and the processing goals. If special oil is used for pressing, you should choose varieties such as Huaihua 4 and Tianfu 3, which have high oil yields; The large fruit-type Luhua 11 and 14 can be used; if dry fried, Tianfu No. 3, Baisha 1016 and other small and medium-sized varieties can be selected.
Third, give enough base fertilizer. The level of fertility is an important factor affecting the output of peanuts. In the cultivation of peanuts, we must grasp the principle of “reusing basic fertilizers and lightly applying top dressingsâ€. Production practices show that for general loam, we must achieve a yield of more than 300 kg per mu. At least 4,000 kilograms of fertilizer (farmer's manure), 50 kilograms of superphosphate, 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate and 10 kilograms of urea should be applied.
Fourth, seed coat late peeling. Peanut seeds are not easy to store after seedlings are peeled off in advance. They are susceptible to mildew, and they are vulnerable to mechanical damage due to the loss of outer husks. Respiration is significantly accelerated, and nutrients stored in seeds will increase consumption, resulting in weakened vitality. To the germination rate and germination potential, resulting in the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and ridges, weak seedlings, yellow seedlings, constitute a direct threat to the formation of yield. Therefore, the seeds for peanut production cannot be shelled in advance. Appropriate peeling time should be within 15 days before sowing.
Fifth, seed processing. Before sowing, it is necessary to conduct selective treatment of the seeds and divide them into two grades according to seed size. When sowing, separate sowing to prevent large seedlings from pressing seedlings. 3 to 5 days before sowing, choose sunny weather, spread sheets in the yard or on the roof and spread the seeds to dry for about 8 hours so that you can make full use of the ultraviolet rays in the sun to kill some germs, and you can make the seeds further. Lost water. After the seed is kind, it will help the seeds to germinate rapidly and promote the seedlings. It can also be used as a seed dressing agent, which has a good preventive effect against fungal diseases such as stalk rot and root rot.
Six, prevention and control of underground pests. In recent years, the harmfulness of underground pests has become more serious, mainly crickets and golden worms, and 1 kg of phoxim granules per acre is scattered in front of the rotary land to effectively prevent and control the damage of underground pests. Placing phoxim granules in the sowing ditch has a better control effect.
Seven, sowing density. Different varieties of peanuts require different planting densities. It is necessary to determine the sowing volume according to the varieties planted. It is best to weigh the seeds by the number of 1,000 seeds. Then calculate the required seed amount per acre according to the required density of the variety, and increase the sowing volume appropriately. It is one of the key measures to increase peanut production.
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