Fertilization will consume a lot of nutrients in the tree body during the flowering period, which can be supplemented by applying fully decomposed organic fertilizers. The amount of fertilization should be adjusted according to the actual soil fertility, tree age, variety and yield, and water immediately after fertilization. Fertilization of soil during flowering period in spring is different from applying base fertilizer in autumn. Fertilization should not be too close to the trunk or too deep.
Double shearing is in order to overcome the phenomenon of large and small output and adjust the load of fruit trees. The method is to cut off the weak branches, diseased dead branches, and over-dense branches, and try to keep the flowering branches; for those that are not confirmed to be flowering branches, they can be properly retracted and thinned out according to actual needs.
Control of pests and diseases in the bud swelling to the leaf development stage, early and late flowering, the effect of spraying pests and diseases to prevent and control the most. In addition, you can also scrape off the rough bark, old peeled bark, and dead tissues in the spring. At the same time, remove the fallen leaves, fallen fruits, rigid fruits, diseased branches, dead branches, and orchard weeds in the garden, and concentrate composting.
Flower and bud thinning is generally carried out at the initial stage of inflorescence separation to remove weak buds. If you don't have time to thin the buds, then you must thin the flowers. When thinning flowers, you should keep side flowers, and omit late flowers and center flowers. Flowers in the first flowering stage are generally good flowers and should be kept all. One inflorescence should retain 3-5 side flowers.
In the pollination orchard, there are few or improperly planted pollinator trees, and artificial pollination can be used to increase the fruit setting rate. Commonly used artificial pollination methods include hanging pollinated varieties flower branch method, feather duster rolling pollination method, artificial point pollination method and spraying method. In addition to artificial pollination, areas and orchards where conditions permit can also be pollinated by bees during the flowering period, but pay attention to the effect of pollination.
Pay attention to boron fertilizer. Application of boron fertilizer can promote the germination and elongation of pollen tubes, and promote the transportation of sugar in the tree. The use of boron fertilizer during flowering can increase the fruit setting rate.
The blooming season of the antifreeze Rosaceae is mostly in the warm spring season, but if it encounters the cold spring at this time, the pistils will brown and shrink after the flowers are frozen, blooming and cannot set fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to prevent freezing damage in advance.
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Plant extraction process
1. Select plants/medicinal materials. It is nothing more than ancient prescriptions, proven prescriptions, and folk medicinal herbs. At present, common and uncommon medicinal materials have been studied. Most of the time, the amount of medicinal materials has been increased to extract low-isolated components, or medicinal plants have not been studied from Miao medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Africa, Latin America and other places.
2. Extract. Solvent petroleum ether, n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, water (small polarity → large polarity). Daily decoction of medicines is effective, use water and ethanol and other solvents with high polarity. Artemisinin and other boiling methods are not effective, use petroleum ether and other solvents with low polarity. The common medicinal materials, water/alcohol/ether, are presented again, and more compounds can be separated and identified.
3. Separation. This is the most important task. There are dozens of compounds in the solution extracted in the second step. Generally, column chromatography is used, which is what we often call column flushing. The workload is large, boring, and low-tech. A master's degree may do this every day for 2 years of experimentation. As shown in the figure below, the column for separating compounds is as large as 2 meters high and as small as 10 cm. Change the solvent conditions of the mobile phase, change the material of the column, and repeatedly wash the column under different conditions and separation principles to separate the monomer compound.
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