NEJM: Viral therapy increases the 3-year survival rate of malignant brain tumors by 5 times
June 28, 2018 Source: WuXi PharmaTech
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Today, a study published in the top medical journal New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) has drawn widespread attention in the pharmaceutical industry. Scientists from the Duke University Cancer Institute have announced that a breakthrough viral therapy has significantly prolonged the lives of patients with glioblastoma – historical data suggest that these patients have a 3-year survival rate of only 4%. After the treatment of the virus, this number has increased five-fold, reaching 21%.
20-year-old death verdict
In 2011, Stephanie Lipscomb was a college student in nursing. She has just passed her 20th birthday and can imagine the infinite future of life.
But the accident came quietly.
Stephanie always felt a headache when she was in college. At first, she did not pay enough attention. We all know that headaches are not a rare symptom that occurs in students who study hard every day. It is normal. Occasionally did not sleep well? How much coffee is drinking? Perhaps every headache, we can find a reasonable explanation.
Until a scan of the brain, Stephanie discovered the real cause of her headache - the brain tumor. The doctor told her that this is a malignant tumor called glioblastoma, the disease has advanced, and the tumor has grown into a tennis size in her brain. She needs surgery immediately.
After the surgery, the nurse told Stephanie that 98% of the tumors had been removed. In order to control the condition, she needs to receive lifelong radiation and chemotherapy. But just in 2012, doctors unfortunately discovered that Stephanie’s brain tumors were coming back. For glioblastoma, recurrence is almost equal to "no cure." This is the death sentence of a 20-year-old girl. A life of glory and glory, it will take a few months to come to the end.
â–² A clinical trial saved Stephanie's life (Source: Shawn Rocco/Duke Health)
The doctors told Stephanie that she could join a clinical trial and try a treatment that had never been used. "I have nothing to lose," Stephanie readily accepted the advice of the doctors. In 2012, as the first patient of the clinical program, she began receiving treatment for a research therapy. The doctors who injected the brains of Stephanie were polio (commonly known as "polio").
Turn the killer into a savior
Specifically, the researchers used a modified poliovirus. This virus has been specially treated and will not cause illness. Moreover, it selectively invades and replicates against tumor cells expressing CD155, ultimately leading to lysis of tumor cells. Because CD155 is highly expressed in glioblastoma, researchers expect the virus to attack it effectively.
â–² The mechanism of action of this viral therapy (Source: Duke Health)
After completing the design of the virus, the researchers began testing the potential of the virus in clinical trials. In a phase 1 clinical trial, including Stephanie, they recruited a total of 61 patients and placed catheters on their skulls to allow the virus to enter the brain directly and attack the tumor.
The initial results were not optimistic: the median survival of the treatment group was 12.5 months, which was comparable to the historical data of 11.3 months. But further analysis reveals the potential of the virus: at the 2-year time point, the survival rate of the treatment group was 21%, which is already 50% higher than the historical data (14%). By the end of the three-year node, the survival rate of the treatment group was also 21%, and the historical data was only 4%.
â–²The study achieved excellent long-term survival (Source: NEJM)
“It's like many immunotherapies, and some patients don't get rid of it,†said Dr. Annick Desjardins, one of the authors of the study. “But once patients have relief, they may survive for a long time.â€
The future of breakthrough therapy
It is worth mentioning that this is not the first time this viral therapy has entered the public eye. As the first patient to receive treatment, Stephanie was fortunate to witness the birth of the miracle. After receiving treatment, the tumor in her brain continued to shrink. In 2014, her tumor completely disappeared. This miracle was reported on the famous TV show "60 Minutes", so that the United States knows this innovative therapy.
More importantly, Stephanie's miracle can be replicated. In 2016, 15 of the 23 patients who received this viral therapy survived, and 20% survived for more than 3 years, close to the latest data. In response to these positive results, the US FDA also granted its breakthrough therapy certification in the same year to accelerate its research and development process.
â–²The shrinkage of the patient's brain tumor is clearly visible (Source: "NEJM")
"Glioblastoma is a deadly disease. Despite a series of advances in surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies, we still need radically different therapies," said research author Darell Bigner. The doctor said: "We are very encouraged by the early survival rate of this poliovirus therapy, and we look forward to continuing the follow-up study."
According to the plan, the researchers plan to combine this viral therapy with existing chemotherapy in a phase 2 clinical trial to treat recurrent glioblastoma. Recruitment of patients has started.
For patients who have already been treated, their condition is still effectively controlled. A few years ago, Stephanie, who was about to reach the end of her life, had completed her studies and became a nurse. Not long ago, she also entered the marriage hall with her boyfriend.
The virus that emerged from the laboratory rewrote the life of one patient after another. Perhaps this is the meaning of innovative therapy.
Reference materials:
[1] Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with Recombinant Poliovirus
[2] POLIOVIRUS THERAPY FOR GLIOBLASTOMA HAS THREE-YEAR SURVIVAL RATE OF 21 PERCENT
[3] Polio virus treatment increased survival in patients with deadly brain tumors, study shows
[4] Doctors Try Genetically Modified Poliovirus As Experimental Brain Cancer Treatment
[5] Poliovirus therapy shows early promise in patients with aggressive brain cancer but questions linger
[6] Recombinant oncolytic poliovirus PVS-RIPO – NIH
[7] What '60 Minutes' Still Isn't Saying About The 'Miracle' Glioblastoma Drug
[8] Breakthrough Status – CBS
[9] Promising brain cancer trial given breakthrough status by FDA
Original title: Breakthrough! Viral therapy increases the 3-year survival rate of deadly brain tumors by a factor of five!
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