Technical overview
The mechanized no-till sowing technology of corn is a planting technology that directly sows the wheat stubble field with no-till seeding machine after harvesting the wheat machine, and completes multiple operations such as trenching, sowing, fertilization, soil covering, and suppression at one time.
The mechanized no-tillage planting technology of corn not only has the characteristics of rushing to catch soil, saving labor, and reducing production costs, but also effectively avoids the environmental pollution problems caused by straw stacking and incineration.
Technical points
1. Preparation before broadcasting
Variety selection. Medium-early-mature and high-quality hybrid varieties that are approved by the National or Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee and have high density, high yield, lodging resistance, strong resistance, fast grain dehydration and easy machine harvesting should be selected.
Seed treatment. It is required that the purity of seeds is not less than 99%, the purity is not less than 99%, and the germination rate is more than 95%. Choose coated corn seeds. The seed coating agent should contain fungicides that can control corn diseases and insecticides that can control underground pests.
Prepare the land before broadcasting. When harvesting wheat, use a combine harvester with a crushed straw device. The height of the stubble of the wheat is less than 20 cm. The length of the chopped straw should be no more than 15 cm. Spread evenly, suitable for corn planting machinery. If the combine harvester for harvesting wheat does not have a straw crushing device, it is necessary to use a straw returning machine to crush the straw and evenly spread it. When the amount of wheat straw is too large, the excess straw should also be cleared out of the ground, and the appropriate amount of straw should be left to be crushed and scattered to facilitate the planter operation.
2. Mechanical seeding
Seed in time. Sowing no-tillage corn in time after the previous wheat harvest.
Planting density. The planting density is reasonably determined according to factors such as variety characteristics, soil fertility, water conservancy conditions, and lighting conditions, to ensure that the number of plants per acre meets agronomic requirements. Varieties suitable for dense planting can be adjusted to suit local conditions.
Sowing and fertilizing operations. Select precision no-till seeder with fertilization function. Before sowing, the machine tools should be adjusted in place and planted with 60 cm equal row spacing. The plant spacing is determined according to the planting density. When using seed fertilizer co-located in different positions, attention should be paid to adjust the position of the seed fertilizer. The sowing depth is generally controlled at 3 to 5 cm. The seed fertilizer is applied below the seed side and separated from the seed by more than 5 cm. The amount of fertilization should be determined based on soil fertility, yield level and fertilizer nutrient content.
Piloting should be conducted before sowing. The pilot planting distance is not less than 20 meters. Check whether the planting depth consistency, the uniformity of seeding and fertilization and row spacing, plant spacing, soil cover, and suppression meet the agronomic requirements through the pilot planting. If it does not meet the requirements, it should be adjusted, and the seeding operation can only be carried out after the normal.
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