The Regulations on Prevention and Control of Livestock and Poultry Scale Pollution (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulationsâ€), as the first national environmental protection laws and regulations at the national level, set up a special chapter on the comprehensive utilization and incentive measures for livestock and poultry manure and other wastes. "Incentive, support, and guidance" is the fundamental way to comprehensively utilize biomass resources. If it is proposed to engage in the production and management of organic fertilizer products using livestock and poultry breeding wastes, it should enjoy the preferential policies of the state regarding taxes and subsidies.
These provide a good legal system support for the next step to effectively change the situation that the wastes such as livestock and poultry manure have not been used reasonably for a long time.
However, due to the unreasonable layout of the aquaculture industry, the lack of guidance and policies, and the historical conditions such as lack of guidance and policies, there are still some problems to be solved in the production of organic fertilizers from livestock and poultry farming.
What pre-treatment should be done with fertilizer?
First, the lack of state-guided support policies has led to low enthusiasm for the production and use of organic fertilizers. Due to the low resource density of wastes such as livestock and poultry, the value-added space for collection, treatment, and utilization is small. The preferential policies for manufacturing, purchasing, and using poultry manure to produce organic fertilizer are insufficient, and the profit margin for production and users is small, and may even be deficient. Money, the benefits are usually not comparable to the long-term enjoyment of more policy concessions and support of chemical fertilizers, resulting in high-quality fertilizer resources such as livestock manure can not be used, in the short-term organic fertilizer production is difficult to form a balance of production, supply and demand. In short, there are more rows, less production, and less use.
The current dilemma is mainly concentrated in three aspects: First, due to the unreasonable influence of the breeding layout, the huge amount of livestock and poultry manure per year is about 1.8 billion tons, the spatial heterogeneity and the time inhomogeneity are obvious, and the accumulation is long-term, resulting in Livestock and poultry manure are stored without ground, unable to handle, difficult to collect, and inconvenient to transport.
Second, due to the lack of access conditions for organic fertilizer production and the lack of preferential policies, organic fertilizer production enterprises cannot form scale. At present, most of the organic fertilizer products are still produced by the aquaculture enterprises themselves, which are self-produced and sold, and the organic fertilizer production process is seriously unbalanced.
Third, due to the influence of traditional planting habits, the lack of trust in organic fertilizers in the crop industry has led to low demand. Although organic fertilizer has great benefits for improving soil, reducing pollution and improving the quality of agricultural products, compared with chemical fertilizers, the market share of organic fertilizer is still very low due to slow effect, low yield and no policy subsidies.
Secondly, the quality of livestock manure used to produce organic fertilizer is difficult to guarantee. Affected by the production of feed and feeding methods, livestock manure contains certain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, arsenic, copper, iron, chromium, zinc and other substances, as well as detergents, disinfectants, etc. used in the cleaning of livestock and poultry farms. Mixtures, untreated or improperly treated, can contaminate surface water, groundwater and soil. Therefore, whether it is large-scale production or self-produced organic fertilizer, the pre-treatment of livestock manure should be an indispensable link. At present, there is no uniform standard and technical norm for the early harmless treatment of organic manure and livestock manure in China, so that the manure and feces that could be used as high-quality fertilizer resources become waste, and the fertilizer becomes “toxic†is not alarmist.
Supporting the "Regulations" requires supporting policies
First, we must rely on the Dongfeng issued and implemented by the "Regulations" to make full use of the provisions of the "Regulations" to supplement and improve relevant supporting documents and assessment systems that effectively strengthen financial support and policy support. Although the "Regulations" put forward relevant regulations on the comprehensive utilization of polluted wastes in livestock and poultry breeding, if the implementation is insufficient or the supporting policies are slow, the comprehensive utilization of polluting wastes in livestock and poultry breeding will only remain at the theoretical level. The actual development cannot achieve the desired results.
Second, we must promptly formulate and improve the relevant livestock and poultry production control standards and technical specifications for organic fertilizer production. While improving the standard system for pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding, the production and control standards for livestock and poultry production are formulated. Strictly control the use of antibiotics, hormones, copper, zinc, and heavy metals in chromium, arsenic, etc., scientifically and reasonably determine the amount of feed, and limit the heavy metals and other substances from the source into the production process. On the basis of strict implementation of the "organic fertilizer standards" and "poisoning standards for livestock and poultry farming", the behavior of organic fertilizer production is standardized.
In addition, we will promptly study and formulate pre-harmless treatment technologies for wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, appropriately reduce the conditions for production access to encourage large-scale farms to produce on their own, and absorb the contaminated waste from livestock and poultry farming of small-scale farmers. At the same time, it will gradually promote the establishment of a production and marketing network of organic fertilizer products, and truly form a virtuous circle of planting and breeding balance and planting and breeding.
The promulgation of the "Regulations on Prevention and Control of Livestock and Poultry Scale Pollution" will effectively enhance the overall level of comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry breeding wastes in China, and promote the harmonious integration of the development of aquaculture industry and environmental protection, but it needs to be stepped up in the implementation process. The actual problem.
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