Cabbage has the characteristics of low pests and diseases, high yield and stability, high quality, storage and transportation, and easy cultivation and management. In Wan'an County, the average income of vegetable farmers is nearly 8,000 yuan. The main points of high-yield cultivation techniques of cabbage are as follows:
1 Soil selection
Cabbage cultivation is ideal for selecting loam or sandy soil with deep soil layers, rich organic matter and fertile soil. Avoid continuous cropping, avoid acidic soil, soil p H value should be between 6.0 and 7.0; if the soil acidity is too large, it can be applied 667m soil gluten 40~60kg and a large amount of compost fertilizer for improvement.
2 timely sowing
Autumn cultivation is carried out from early June to mid-July, and winter cultivation is carried out from late July to late August. The seedbed is selected to be convenient for irrigation and drainage, and the soil is loose and fertile. Combined with deep application of appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer (N..P..K is 15..15..15), water is poured before sowing, and the soil moisture content is moderate. When the surface is leveled.
3 timely colonization
Colonization should be carried out in cloudy or sunny days. One day before planting, the seedbed is watered, and the seedlings should not be damaged. Properly planted at the time of planting, which is conducive to hair rooting. The planting water should be poured, the seedling water should be poured early, and the seedling work should be done to preserve the seedlings. Usually in about 30 days, 7~8 leaves are fixed. The line spacing is 50~60cm, and the plant spacing is 45~50cm.
4 Planting management
Cabbage is not drought tolerant and should be watered regularly. Into the rosette period, combined with watering, 667m ternary compound fertilizer 20kg, promote stem and leaf growth; the second top dressing at the beginning of the ball, 667m high-quality compound fertilizer 25kg, after 5~7 days, water once; leaf ball During the growth period, the third top dressing was carried out, and 667m applied ternary compound fertilizer 25kg to promote the tightness of the leaf ball. Water should be drained in rainy days, and there should be no water in the trench. If side buds occur after planting, they should be removed early. Cabbage is shallow, cultivating should be shallow, and cultivating should be stopped after the plant grows up.
5 scientific topdressing
Cabbage topdressing is generally carried out in 5 times. At the time of planting, apply 1 time of dilute human excrement; when the rosette leaves are formed, the second fertilizer should be applied, and the concentration should be increased, the dosage should be increased, human excrement and urea fertilizer can be used; the rosette leaves are in full bloom, and the third stage is applied. The secondary fertilizer can be used to ditch the fertilizer between rows, mix the organic fertilizer with nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, apply the soil after the soil is sealed, and then apply the grass ash on the ground. In the early and middle stages of the ball, the ternary compound fertilizer was applied once, about 35 kg each time, and the top dressing was stopped at the end of the ball.
6 disease prevention and control
After planting, pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, black rot can be sterilized by 50% into 800 times liquid or 72% agricultural streptomycin 3500 times solution or 77% can kill 500 times liquid spray. The virus disease can be sprayed with 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid or sprayed with 1.5% phytopathogenic 1000 times liquid. The main pests of cabbage are P. rapae, Plutella xylostella and Noctuidae, which can be sprayed with 5% anti-milk oil 1500 times.
7 Harvest at the right time
Mastering the harvesting time is the key to ensuring high yield, stable yield and commercial traits of cabbage. The harvesting time is too early, the output is not high and unstable; the harvesting is too late, prone to cracking, which seriously affects the quality and output. The harvesting period of different varieties of cabbage is quite different. Generally, the harvesting time is judged according to the firmness of the leaf ball. The naked eye can be harvested by naked eye observation or by hand pressing the leaf ball firmly.
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