Invited expert
Guo Xiaofeng, Chief Physician and Professor, is currently the deputy director of the Department of Gastroenterology of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, the vice president of the Digestive Branch of Shanxi Provincial Medical Association, the deputy head of the Enteric Diseases Group of the Digestive Committee of Shanxi Medical Association, and the Association of Female Physicians of Shanxi Province. Vice Chairman of the Branch, Vice President of the Digestive Branch of Shanxi Geriatrics Society, Standing Committee Member of the Hepatology Professional Committee of Shanxi Medical Association, Standing Committee Member of the Professional Committee of Pelvic Floor Disease of Shanxi Medical Doctor Association, Standing Committee Member of Shanxi Provincial Committee of Chinese Digestive and Mental Health Union, Health China-Hepatobiliary Disease Prevention and Treatment National Hepatobiliary Disease Consultant, Standing Committee Member of the Beijing Medical Reward Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Expert Committee, Wu Jieping Medical Foundation China IBD Union Shanxi IBD Center Chairman, China IBD-MDT Shanxi Branch Co-Chairman .
In the summer, eating iced watermelons and blowing air conditioners, or cold dishes with a cup of cool beer, is a cool turn! I did not expect a sudden pain in the stomach, or even weakness, and began to vomit, it may be acute gastroenteritis! With the arrival of summer, the temperature gradually rises, the humidity gradually increases, and many bacteria multiply quickly, causing food to deteriorate easily. Therefore, summer is a high season for intestinal infectious diseases.
I would like to remind everyone that it is very important to pay attention to food safety, to get good diseases from the mouth, and to prevent intestinal infectious diseases.
High incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in summer
Intestinal infectious diseases are prone to occur in summer, and intestinal infectious diseases are diseases transmitted through the digestive tract. Commonly, there are mainly typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, bacterial dysentery, cholera, hepatitis A, and bacterial food poisoning. The pathogens of patients with intestinal infectious diseases are discharged from the feces and vomit of patients and pathogen carriers, pollute the surrounding environment, and then enter the gastrointestinal tract through the oral cavity through water, food, hands, flies, cockroaches and other media, and breed in the human body. Toxins cause morbidity and continue to excrete pathogens and re-infect them to other healthy people.
Common symptoms of intestinal infectious diseases are diarrhea, vomiting or abdominal pain. However, the symptoms of different diseases are different, such as cholera characterized by severe painless watery diarrhea; hepatitis A is tired, loss of appetite and jaundice; dysentery is characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, urgency and mucus pus and blood; The virus mainly affects infants and young children; typhoid fever is characterized by persistent high fever, relatively slow pulse, splenomegaly, rose rash and leukopenia. Constipation is more common in adults than diarrhea. Most patients have milder conditions and usually heal naturally. However, some patients with severe cases may experience dehydration. If the treatment is not timely or improper, it will lead to death. Therefore, patients with severe diarrhea should seek medical treatment promptly. They should not buy drugs themselves to avoid delaying the disease. , missed the best treatment opportunity.
Do not abuse antibiotics
Guo Xiaofeng said that the first thing to eliminate infectious diseases, such as cholera. Cholera is a Class A infectious disease. Once the law is found, it should be reported immediately to avoid widespread epidemics. Cholera is mainly caused by unclean diet, water pollution, and improper treatment of tableware. The stool of Taomi water is characterized by cholera. In severe cases, it can reach 20-30 times a day, which can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and threat to the heart. Important organs such as the brain cause life-threatening and mortality is particularly high. "The characteristics of cholera are rapid and popular, and it is difficult to control. At present, people pay attention to food hygiene, medical staff are more vigilant and timely, and the trend is not very strong in these years." Guo Xiaofeng said.
In the summer, bacterial intestinal infections are more common. It is not as violent as cholera, but it can cause diarrhea and cannot be ignored. "The common dysentery can cause intestinal mucosal damage, bloody stools, bacteria can enter the blood in severe cases, causing systemic bacteremia, need to urgently go to the hospital for stool culture, simply do routine routines can not be found." Guo Xiaofeng told reporters, right Bacterial infection, use antibiotics to find the anti-inflammatory drugs for it, the best effect, but it takes two or three days to culture. Clinically, it is often used empirically. Commonly used one- and second-generation cephalosporins, levofloxacin, and gentamicella "Flufloxacin is not recommended for multi-use, bactericidal power is not achieved, inhibition of bowel movement can be achieved, stool frequency is less, easy to cause bacteremia." Guo Xiaofeng reminded, "use the best culture to find the best pathogenic bacteria, If not, please do not abuse antibiotics. We recommend berberine, gentamicin should be used with caution if the kidneys are not functioning well. In addition, some drugs that treat dysbacteriosis can be used. Guo Xiaofeng said that Bradyr's yeast is an antifungal drug that can breed beneficial bacteria, squeeze out bad bacteria, and have good antidiarrheal effect. "If there are many stools, there is dehydration, try to take oral rehydration, and the effect of infusion is the same, recovery is faster, if vomiting, you can use some antiemetic drugs to reduce the chance of intravenous medication, one is convenient, and the other is to reduce intravenous infection. Opportunity."
For viral intestinal infections, the most worrying is intestinal hepatitis. Guo Xiaofeng said that hepatitis B and hepatitis C belong to the blood route, and hepatitis A and hepatitis E belong to the digestive tract infection, which is very important. "Although it does not cause cirrhosis, it is also very contagious."
People in life often do not pay much attention to diarrhea. They think that it is only a kind of gastrointestinal disease. The problem is not big. In fact, this view is wrong. It is understood that from 2012 to 2015, the number of hepatitis E cases in China has exceeded hepatitis A for 4 consecutive years, and the number of hepatitis E deaths far exceeds that of hepatitis A. The hepatitis E virus mainly spreads through the contaminated water source, food, tableware, etc. into the gastrointestinal tract. If the meat and seafood with the hepatitis E virus are not cooked, it may become a source of infection.
Pay attention to food hygiene
The key to preventing summer intestinal infectious diseases is to make the "sickness from the mouth" level, pay attention to food hygiene, develop good hygiene habits, and do preventive work.
The high temperature in summer is beneficial to the proliferation of microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria, which causes the food to deteriorate faster than other seasons. Once the spoiled food is eaten, it will cause infection of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to gastroenteritis. occur. Don't eat leftovers and raw fruits. In the summer, everyone's appetite is getting worse. There are more food left. Many people like to plug directly into the refrigerator. This is often wrong. When storing food, use sealed box or fresh-keeping bag and plastic wrap to seal and store. Pay attention to raw and cooked separately, and avoid placing it too full in the refrigerator to ensure the cooling effect. Refrigeration time should not exceed 24 hours, must be thoroughly heated before eating again, and judge whether the food has deteriorated. “The meals should not be placed at high temperatures for more than two hours.â€
Do not drink cold water, unclean water, do not eat spoiled, unclean food. Especially the food stored in the refrigerator must be cooked and eaten.
Eat raw fruits and vegetables to be washed. It is best to wash with a special detergent. Extend the wash soak time to thoroughly remove residual pesticides. Do not drink "four no" food and beverage, that is, no manufacturer, no trademark, no production date, no shelf life products. Once diarrhea and vomiting occur, you should go to the intestine clinic of each hospital in time, and don't be lucky enough to delay the illness. Isolation is required when there are patients with intestinal infectious diseases. Especially for patients with feces, vomit, etc., to avoid water and food contamination.
Develop good hygiene practices. Wash your hands before and after meals, and wash them thoroughly with soap and other cleaning agents. Do a bath and change clothes.
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