Raising the fattening technology of beef cattle can not only increase beef production, but also significantly increase economic efficiency. Practice has shown that, according to the following measures for fattening cattle, significant fattening effects and economic benefits can be obtained.
Selection of breeds The choice of cattle is the key to increasing economic efficiency. The nutrients needed for non-meat breeds are 10% to 20% higher than beef breeds. Purebred beef cattle do not grow as fast as hybrid cattle. The three-way hybrid cattle grow faster than the binary hybrid cattle. Bulls grow faster than cows.
The age-choice test showed that the 1-year old cattle had the fastest growth rate; the 2-year-old cattle had a growth rate of 75% of the 1-year-old cattle; the 3-year-old cattle had grown at a rate of 50% of the 2-year-old cattle. In order to achieve the requirements for the weight of the butcher, although the calf is less expensive to buy, the feeding and management time is relatively long, the total consumption of feed is large, the premises equipment takes a long time, and the capital turnover is also slow. In view of the above reasons, in addition to the production of high-grade fresh "small white beef", should choose the calf, the general choice of 2-3 years old cattle is better. If you choose to eliminate aging fat cattle, should pay attention to choose large, healthy disease-free cattle to engage in short-term fattening, do not choose sick cattle fattening.
Cowhouse temperature temperature has a great influence on feed consumption and weight gain of fattening cattle. The optimum temperature of the cowshed is 10°C-20°C. When the average temperature of the cowshed is lower than 7°C, the calves produce more calories, feed intake increases, and feed application efficiency decreases. When the shepherd temperature exceeds 27°C, the bovine body temperature rises, the respiratory rate increases, the appetite decreases, the food intake decreases, and the weight gain is affected. Therefore, summer should pay attention to ventilation and cooling, winter should pay attention to cold, so that the cowshed to the warm winter and cool summer requirements.
The fattening period of fattening days has a great influence on the economic benefits of fattening beef cattle. It is necessary to scientifically master the number of fattening days. Experiments show that the fattening fertilizer has the best effect for 95 days and the daily weight gain is 964 grams. The feed cost for the meat with a weight gain of 1 kilogram is the lowest. The highest rate of return is; on the contrary, the longer the fattening time, the higher the feed cost for a 1-kg weight gain and the lower the feed remuneration.
The feed requires that the content of protein in the feed should account for 12%, and old-age fattening should account for more than 10%. If it is lower than the above content, the rate of weight gain of the cattle will be affected. The quality of crude feed in cattle diets is poor, and the digestibility is extremely low. It is necessary to improve palatability, increase nutrient content, and improve digestibility by using methods such as short-term, silage, ammoniation, and saccharification. The fineness of feed crushing not only affects the palatability, feed intake, and daily gain of fattening cattle, but also affects feed conversion and feed costs. Feed can not be crushed too fine, too small will affect cattle ruminants and digestion, easily cause food lag. The concentrate feed is usually crushed into 2-3mm.
As far as possible when buying cows locally to purchase beef cattle, the summer transportation should pay attention to the density can not be too large, on the way to give enough water, do a good job of cooling the sunstroke. The tests showed that the weight loss rate of 800 kilometers of long-distance transport, the use of car transportation was 10.45 percent, and the weight loss of train transportation was 20.07%. Due to geographical differences (climate, feed, etc.), cattle purchased from abroad must go through a period of time before they can adapt to the new environment. It usually takes 25-45 days to recover their original weight. When the price difference is not great when buying cows, it should not be too far off to avoid gains.
There are many types of weighting agents for adding weighting agents, such as: “Laigou†produced in the United States and “Yuebulong†produced in France. At present, there are two kinds of "zebrazein" and "ruminogen" widely used in China. Because it does not belong to steroids and does not belong to hormonal drugs, the above-mentioned weighting agents are added to the feed and the average weight gain rate is 10% to 20%. The weighting agent is non-toxic, odorless, has no side effects, and has no residual meat. Safe and reliable.
Deworming, key stomach and management of cattle fattening period, must be deworming and stomach. The daily management should maintain the health of the pens, not feed the mold and feed, ensure sufficient drinking water, keep the environment quiet, implement captive breeding, and reduce exercise to achieve the desired effect of gaining weight.
The possibility of timely slaughter of 2-3 years old cattle finishing period is divided into two stages. The first stage is growth and development stage. The main weight gain is muscle, bone and internal organs. The content of protein in feed is required to be about 17%, and the energy feed is 2.4 Mcal/kg. In the later stage, the main weight gain is fat, which requires 12% protein in the feed and 2.7 Mcal/kg energy feed. When the fat of fattening cattle reaches a certain level, the appetite of cattle decreases, the feed conversion rate decreases, and the daily weight gain decreases. The calf is fattened for 8-10 months, the adult cattle is 3 months, and the weight reaches 400-600 kg, and the slaughter begins. optimal.
Selection of breeds The choice of cattle is the key to increasing economic efficiency. The nutrients needed for non-meat breeds are 10% to 20% higher than beef breeds. Purebred beef cattle do not grow as fast as hybrid cattle. The three-way hybrid cattle grow faster than the binary hybrid cattle. Bulls grow faster than cows.
The age-choice test showed that the 1-year old cattle had the fastest growth rate; the 2-year-old cattle had a growth rate of 75% of the 1-year-old cattle; the 3-year-old cattle had grown at a rate of 50% of the 2-year-old cattle. In order to achieve the requirements for the weight of the butcher, although the calf is less expensive to buy, the feeding and management time is relatively long, the total consumption of feed is large, the premises equipment takes a long time, and the capital turnover is also slow. In view of the above reasons, in addition to the production of high-grade fresh "small white beef", should choose the calf, the general choice of 2-3 years old cattle is better. If you choose to eliminate aging fat cattle, should pay attention to choose large, healthy disease-free cattle to engage in short-term fattening, do not choose sick cattle fattening.
Cowhouse temperature temperature has a great influence on feed consumption and weight gain of fattening cattle. The optimum temperature of the cowshed is 10°C-20°C. When the average temperature of the cowshed is lower than 7°C, the calves produce more calories, feed intake increases, and feed application efficiency decreases. When the shepherd temperature exceeds 27°C, the bovine body temperature rises, the respiratory rate increases, the appetite decreases, the food intake decreases, and the weight gain is affected. Therefore, summer should pay attention to ventilation and cooling, winter should pay attention to cold, so that the cowshed to the warm winter and cool summer requirements.
The fattening period of fattening days has a great influence on the economic benefits of fattening beef cattle. It is necessary to scientifically master the number of fattening days. Experiments show that the fattening fertilizer has the best effect for 95 days and the daily weight gain is 964 grams. The feed cost for the meat with a weight gain of 1 kilogram is the lowest. The highest rate of return is; on the contrary, the longer the fattening time, the higher the feed cost for a 1-kg weight gain and the lower the feed remuneration.
The feed requires that the content of protein in the feed should account for 12%, and old-age fattening should account for more than 10%. If it is lower than the above content, the rate of weight gain of the cattle will be affected. The quality of crude feed in cattle diets is poor, and the digestibility is extremely low. It is necessary to improve palatability, increase nutrient content, and improve digestibility by using methods such as short-term, silage, ammoniation, and saccharification. The fineness of feed crushing not only affects the palatability, feed intake, and daily gain of fattening cattle, but also affects feed conversion and feed costs. Feed can not be crushed too fine, too small will affect cattle ruminants and digestion, easily cause food lag. The concentrate feed is usually crushed into 2-3mm.
As far as possible when buying cows locally to purchase beef cattle, the summer transportation should pay attention to the density can not be too large, on the way to give enough water, do a good job of cooling the sunstroke. The tests showed that the weight loss rate of 800 kilometers of long-distance transport, the use of car transportation was 10.45 percent, and the weight loss of train transportation was 20.07%. Due to geographical differences (climate, feed, etc.), cattle purchased from abroad must go through a period of time before they can adapt to the new environment. It usually takes 25-45 days to recover their original weight. When the price difference is not great when buying cows, it should not be too far off to avoid gains.
There are many types of weighting agents for adding weighting agents, such as: “Laigou†produced in the United States and “Yuebulong†produced in France. At present, there are two kinds of "zebrazein" and "ruminogen" widely used in China. Because it does not belong to steroids and does not belong to hormonal drugs, the above-mentioned weighting agents are added to the feed and the average weight gain rate is 10% to 20%. The weighting agent is non-toxic, odorless, has no side effects, and has no residual meat. Safe and reliable.
Deworming, key stomach and management of cattle fattening period, must be deworming and stomach. The daily management should maintain the health of the pens, not feed the mold and feed, ensure sufficient drinking water, keep the environment quiet, implement captive breeding, and reduce exercise to achieve the desired effect of gaining weight.
The possibility of timely slaughter of 2-3 years old cattle finishing period is divided into two stages. The first stage is growth and development stage. The main weight gain is muscle, bone and internal organs. The content of protein in feed is required to be about 17%, and the energy feed is 2.4 Mcal/kg. In the later stage, the main weight gain is fat, which requires 12% protein in the feed and 2.7 Mcal/kg energy feed. When the fat of fattening cattle reaches a certain level, the appetite of cattle decreases, the feed conversion rate decreases, and the daily weight gain decreases. The calf is fattened for 8-10 months, the adult cattle is 3 months, and the weight reaches 400-600 kg, and the slaughter begins. optimal.
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