It is a spice and medicinal economic plant with a short growing period, long sunshine, good cold, cold-resistance, drought-resistance and drought-resistance. As one of the top ten oil crops in the world, ramie is not only of high economic value, but also has a wide range of uses after deep processing and has a broad development prospect. Castor oil is a good raw material for advanced lubricating oils, brake oils and protective oils for aerospace, aviation and all precision instruments. Castor oil can produce hundreds of fine chemical products and high value-added products with different uses through chemical processes. According to statistics, the current consumption of castor oil in the world is 500,000--600,000 tons, equivalent to 1.2 million-1.7 million tons of castor bean. However, judging from the production situation of ramie, the annual output of castor oil is less than 300,000 tons in the world due to the slowdown of production of castor in major producing countries such as China, Brazil and India. With China's accession to the WTO, the prospects for ramie and awkward production markets are even broader.
The Hexi Corridor is one of the areas suitable for large-scale planting of wild and ramie in China. The natural, climate, and water resources are in excellent conditions, which is conducive to the growth and large-scale construction base of the wild ramie. Through the introduction and promotion of the author, it has been found that adopting a ramie interplanting method can produce a net increase of 5500-13,000 yuan per hectare in the case of no reduction in oil content and yield, and these two crops have a high degree of compatibility. Therefore, it is an effective way to increase profitability and realize industrialized management by expanding the ramie production pattern.
First, choose the land dumping, soil fertigation
(a) The election was down. Should choose flat terrain, high dryness, deep soil layer, easy drainage, soil fertility, loose dry land, water Pingchuan land, hilly slopes or saline soil with less than 0.6% salt cultivation. It is not suitable to adopt this model for cultivation in thin soil layer, large sand, low fertility, excessively sticky swamp, windy sand, shady land and orchards. It is advisable to use wheat, melons, vegetables, and potatoes in the former.
(b) Deep plowing and soil fertigation. After the crop is harvested, it is generally soaked, then mechanically deep-turned 25--33cm. After turning, the soil is matured for a period of time. The fall is combined with shallow deep turning and applied to the base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is usually applied to mature organic fertilizer 3000-- 4000kg, superphosphate 50--60kg, potassium sulfate 3kg. Winter irrigation before winter. When the soil is thawed in early spring, the top of the mountain must be spring-filled in early autumn and spring when the wind and drought are heavy. The basal fertilizer should be applied, and the soil should be removed timely and securely, so that the soil can reach the requirements of fineness, looseness, softness, and flatness.
(3) Wash salt, alkali, and treat soil. For salinity-heavy land, first wash salt and alkali, then spray Kangdibao 1kg/mu, and then use 2.5cm thick sand to press salt to sow; serious weeds area, combined in the middle of March Soil preparation, using 100ml of trifluralin per acre to spray 30kg of water on the surface in a timely manner, so that the soil is mixed evenly and sowed 5-7 days after repression.
Second, put a good sowing
(a) Select improved varieties. Naturally, seeds are full, pure, fresh, green-yellow in color, and germinated seeds are used as seeding materials (such as Susan Wang); ramie is selected for seeds that are high-yield, disease-resistant, middle-early-maturing, adaptable, and full-grown seeds. Such as Jinci 2nd, Zhejing 4th and so on. 1. Seed treatment: As soon as the seeds are sown, the seeds are selected for sunny 1--2 days before sowing, and the seeds are spread thinly on the paper, so that they are evenly heated and then coated. 2. The following treatments were performed on the castor seeds: (1) Tan seeds: The castor seeds were evenly spread on a drying stand and allowed to air for 2 to 3 days; (2) Seed dressing for seed dressing: castor seeds were used before sowing. The direct dressing of % of enkeson or benzoyl can reduce the risk of seedling blight and use 75% of 3911 to prevent seedlings from the ground.
(b) sowing. 1. Suddenly sowing: In the middle and late March of the cumin seeds of the coating, choose the windless afternoon, mix the seeds with the fine sand, spread it evenly on the surface, and then cover the surface of the seeds with 2--3cm, sowing rate is 0. .75--1.00kg/mu. 2. Ricinus communis seedlings: In early March, seedlings were transplanted so that they could be sown and harvested. The nursery used solar greenhouses, plastic sheds or impregnating seedlings. The room temperature was kept between 12°C and -17°C. Nursery procedures are as follows: (1) fertilization, soil preparation, and hoeing; (2) seeding: scribe by plant spacing of 5cm, spacing 10cm on-demand, sowing seeds treated with 2--3 seeds per hole, depth 3--4cm; ( 3) Irrigation and spraying, and strengthen management; (4) Transplanting by dry seedlings: remove the film or covering the seedlings before the transplant, and use 15--20kg organic fertilizer + 3--4kg phosphoric acid for transplanting. Calcium + fine soil + water 10 - 15kg, and into mud, hoe root hole planting. 3. Colonization: In mid-May, the young seedlings that have been trained will be planted in a 50 cm wide, 100 cm wide, 100 cm wide, narrow and narrow rows. The plants will be transplanted by transplanting seedlings, 2 plants per hole, 5 to 6 cm deep, and soil and pressure after planting. In fact, to ease the seedlings. 4000--4500 plants/mu when planting.
Third, rational irrigation, economic water
After sowing, timely soaking of the seed water, seedling stage irrigation after ramie irrigation, is conducive to ramie easing seedlings, suddenly flowering peak in the second half of the water in late May, after the harvest, combined The cultivating soil and seedlings were topdressed with the third irrigation water, and the fourth and fifth waters were taken from July to August. According to the precipitation condition of the earthworms, the water was poured every 10 days and a half months according to the principle of groundwater pouring. During the entire period of growth, irrigation should be performed in the evening or on cloudy days. Adhere to the water but not water, slow irrigation in small water, no water in the field. Before the irrigation, if there is rain, no irrigation is needed, and after the rain stops, it can be filled.
Fourth, field management
(a) Weeding. If no weeds appear after sowing, if there are many weeds, use 25% diuron per acre 0.1--0.15kg plus 50% fluometuron 0.1--0.15kg, water 30-- The spraying of 40kg can effectively control annual or perennial weeds, and eliminate weeds that cannot be removed by chemical herbicides.
(b) Check the seedlings and fill the seedlings. After sowing, if seedlings are found to be seedlings, or if seedlings are damaged by dust storms, strong winds, or freezing damage, sand will be piled up immediately and covered with sand after replanting. If ramie seedlings become seedlings, rotten seeds, rotten buds, or broken ridges, they will Seed reseeding immediately after seed germination, or in combination with transplanting seedlings between fields, transplanting to minimize root damage, with more soil, planting cotyledons perpendicular to the direction of the line, after planting to strengthen management, to achieve growth and appearance consistent with Daejeon.
(c) Saplings, Dingmiao, and reasonable planting. When the cumin seedlings grow to 3 to 4 leaves, they should be seedlings and seedlings in time. Generally, the seedlings should be maintained at 800,000-1000 thousand plants/mu, and the density should not be too large or too small. Castor seedlings grow a pair of true leaf time seedlings, 3--4 pairs of true leaves when the Dingmiao, thinning when the seedlings, seedlings, pests and diseases.
(D) timely fertilizer, seedlings soil. Before transplanting ramie, it is in the seedling stage, combined with irrigation water, spraying nitramine 3 to 5kg per acre, alternately spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% after flowering. --0.1% borax, 5-7 days apart. Immediately after harvest, quickly combine cultivator manure or green manure, decompose 2500--3500kg of organic manure per acre, then plow the soil, then apply 8kg of urea and 10kg of nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer around the seedlings, if the seedlings are still weak after top dressing , Combined with irrigation and then topdressing a small amount of fertilizer or spray 1% - 2% of urea solution.
(e) Prune topping. After harvesting in early June and early July, the principle of leaving large branches, going to the twigs, and leaving the upper branches to the lower branches, the top pruning was performed. After removing the top heart, leave 5-6 branches per plant. The nettle grows till the end of July. The branches and leaves greatly affect the ventilation and light transmission, and the old leaves of the lower functional decline 2--3 pieces can be removed. Ensure normal photosynthesis and reduce fruit drop. By the end of August, except for the fruit branches of buds, all other branches were removed.
Fifth, the harvest
In the middle and late June, when it reaches nine maturity, it will be followed in time to prevent rain, and it will be uprooted at the time of harvest. It will be tiled on the field for about 24 hours until the stems are dry and stems are still wet. The seeds were knocked out with a mortar or a wooden stick, and the seeds were selected after wind-screening and stored. The maturation period of ramie is inconsistent and harvested in batches in time to prevent shedding. Generally, when the grains on the panicle are mostly dark brown or brownish brown, the whole panicle can be harvested when the recessed end of the top of the grain is clearly visible and harvested once a week. Ears harvested, conditions can be used dedicated shelling machine ramie shelling, no shelling machine can spread the sun stack spread, when the outer soft shell will automatically crack, with a stone or wood sticks, wind screening After seeds, the seeds are sunned to a moisture content of less than 12% and can be stored for sale.